Why COVID-19 is more susceptible to infection than SARS
COVID-19 causes millions more than its predecessor, SARS, even though both diseases are caused by similar coronaviruses. Currently, new research suggests one of the reasons why SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is much more susceptible than SARS-CoV-1, which causes SARS.
Researchers focused on peaplomers, the structures that make them possible Coronavirus It binds to human cells and enters. It transitions the peplomer from an “inactive” state to an “active” state before any coronavirus binds.
Molecular simulations of these two coronaviruses suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could more easily remain active and maintain this position. SARS-CoV-1, on the other hand, quickly switches between the two states, resulting in less time to bind to cells.
“These simulations show that SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 have completely different ways of changing shape and different timescales,” said an assistant professor of physical chemistry and biochemistry at the university. Chief Research Author Mahmood Moradi said. University of Arkansas, Said in a statement.. “SARS-CoV-1 moves faster, activates and deactivates, but is less stable and therefore does not have much time to attach to human cells, while SARS-CoV-2 is stable. I’m ready. I’ll attack. ” Moradi said Thursday (February 25) that he would present the unreviewed findings at the 65th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan, which will take place virtually this week.
Diagram of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. A new study found that SARS-CoV-2 is more stable in the active “upper” position than SARS-CoV-1. The latter quickly switches between an active “down” position and an inactive “down” position. (Image credit: Image provided by Mahmoud Moradi.)
One year after the advent of SARS-CoV-2, more than 112 million people have been infected worldwide and it is still widespread. In contrast, SARS caused just over 8,000 illnesses during the 2003 outbreak, but was contained before it spread further, with the last case reported in 2004. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention..
While many studies have focused on the binding of peaplomers to human cells, relatively few have investigated the transition of peplomers between active and inactive states.
Based on new research results, “The greater tendency of SARS-CoV-2 pesplomers to remain in active conformation contributes to higher SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates compared to SARS-CoV-1. Let’s assume. “Researchers wrote a treatise submitted to a preprint database bioRxiv..
The findings also suggest that the tip region of the peplomer, known as the N-terminal domain (NTD), helps stabilize the peplomer. Researchers have not paid much attention to the N-terminal domain because it does not bind directly to human cells. However, NTDs appear to be involved in the transition of peplomers from the inactive state to the active state, so mutations in this region may affect transmission rates, the researchers said.
This result may also affect future treatments for COVID-19. “You can design treatments that change the dynamics. [of the spike protein] It also stabilizes the inactive state, thereby facilitating the deactivation of SARS-CoV-2. It’s a strategy that hasn’t been adopted yet. “
Originally published in Live Science.
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