Weekday weather 101 lesson: Tsunami

Given this very difficult time and as students exit the classroom, the Weather Team Doppler 9 & 10 wants to help you bring the weather lessons home at you! Doppler 9 & 10 Haleigh Vaughn and Forecaster Samantha Jacques will provide weather lessons during the week. Halle Von will discuss weather lessons and present a worksheet, while Samantha Jack will share practical scientific experiences. You can follow along with the weather lessons on weekdays by completing the weather worksheet at the bottom of the article. To find practical science experiments, search for “Science with Samantha” on our homepage. You can also click “four” to find all of our science and weather articles.

Today’s lesson on… tsunami! According to the National Oceanic Service, a tsunami is a series of giant waves that earthquakes usually cause. It can be created by volcanic activity, landslides, or certain types of weather or near-Earth objects (for example: stars, comets). However, these are less common! In the middle of the ocean, the tsunami does not get much larger. As the waves approach the Earth, the waves become higher and higher as the depth of the ocean decreases. The speed of a tsunami depends on the depth of the ocean, not the distance from the wave source. Believe it or not … National Oceanic Services states that “tsunamis may travel at speeds on jet planes over deep waters, and only slow down when reaching shallow waters.”

Another interesting fact is that people sometimes call tsunamis “tsunamis”. However, the tsunami is not related to the ebb and flow. This term is not encouraged by oceanologists!

Tsunami can vary in length and strength! Usually, the stronger the earthquake or volcano, the stronger the tsunami. However, not all earthquakes can generate tsunamis. According to the NWS Jetstream Online School, tsunamis usually occur when an earthquake is stronger than 7.0, occurs near the ocean, and is less than 62 miles below the Earth’s surface.

Tectonic plates – Image courtesy of: Geological Society

You may wonder how earthquakes occur! Well, earthquakes hit parts of the world because of tectonic plates. The surface of the earth is covered with tectonic plates. The image on the left provides a picture of the Earth’s tectonic plates, with the permission of the Geological Society. These tectonic plates are constantly moving. Sometimes, these paintings can be “exposed” to each other. This causes tension, stress and tension to be built. Finally when the pressure becomes too large, the tectonic plates slide into each other. This releases an enormous amount of energy, causing the earth to vibrate and crack. This is when earthquakes happen! According to the National Weather Service, these cracks are called faults. This is where earthquakes are more likely to occur.

A tsunami can cause serious damage, and people often lose their lives.

Tsunami Damage in Indonesia from 2004 Tsunami – Photo courtesy of: NWS JetStream Online School

According to the NWS JetStream Online School, the fiercest tsunami in history occurred on December 26, 2004. A 9.1 magnitude earthquake struck near Sumatra Island in the Indian Ocean, causing a tsunami of 167 feet. In terms of perspective, this exceeds the size of a soccer field. The tsunami destroyed seventeen countries in parts of Asia and Africa. About 230,000 people died, and there were nearly $ 13 billion in economic losses. You can see a picture of the destruction on your right. This image was taken in Banda Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami.

Another less common way of a tsunami is through the weather! Air pressure disturbances often associated with fast-moving weather systems can trigger a tsunami. These are called “meteotsunamis”. This phenomenon can occur when a strong streak of storms, or squeaking lines, passes over a water body. We have this sometimes happening here in northern Michigan! Most meteors are too small to be noticed, but some can cause some flooding and damage.

As many of you remember, we had a meteotsunami event on April 13, 2018 near Manistee, Ludington and Pentwater. Because of the terrain, the depth of the lake, the strong line of trans-storms, and the change in air pressure, meteotsunami has occurred. Much flooding and coastal erosion has occurred.

To continue at home, you can fill out this weather worksheet! Type your name and hometown, fill out the answers, and submit your work! Your worksheet can be e-mailed to [email protected]. Your worksheet may only be shared on social media!

Tsunami

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