Swarm of more than 50 earthquakes off the coast of Oregon indicative of past activity

Since Tuesday, more than 50 small to moderate earthquakes have struck off the Oregon coast.

The earthquake swarm in the Blanco Fracture Zone off the coast of Oregon is part of a larger active system of faults, underwater volcanoes, and active spreading of ridges that increase the risk of a major earthquake along the Pacific Northwest coast.

A fault is a crack between two tectonic plates, or pieces of Earth’s crust, that move against each other, according to the National Park Service. When stress builds up along a fault and is suddenly released, earthquakes can occur.

Scientists expect an earthquake of magnitude 9 to occur along a 600-mile-wide fault starting about 50 miles off the west coast. This fault is known as the Cascadia subduction zone.

Since Tuesday, more than 50 small to moderate earthquakes have struck off the Oregon coast. The earthquakes were approximately 200-250 miles off the coast of Newport. It was over a dozen grade 5 or above.

Over the past day and a half, there has been a swarm of 58 M3.5-5.8 earthquakes in the Blanco Fracture Zone (BFZ). These are too small and far from Cascadia (CSZ) to affect. Relatively small transformation fault events (the side-to-side movement) do not generate tsunamis. pic.twitter.com/9exgtAOf7n

– PNSN (@PNSN1) December 8, 2021

“These earthquakes do not create much stress … for the subduction zone fault,” said Harold Tobin, a Washington State seismologist. Tobin also leads the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network at the University of Washington. “So the slip that we see in every one of these earthquakes is the fault of catching up with the rest of the plate.”

In other words, earthquakes are a sign that the fault has already moved.

The Juan de Fuca mountain range extends along the western edge of a piece of the sea floor. It is known as Juan de Fuca’s painting. This sea floor is part of the Earth’s crustal system of moving plates. In this case, the Juan de Fuca plate is stuck in the North American plate from Cape Mendocino, California past Oregon, Washington and part of British Columbia, Canada. Once the pressure builds up enough, that plate will continue to slide down the North American plate, causing a massive earthquake.

The Juan de Fuca mountain range is volcanically active. As more magma emerges from below, it pushes the Juan de Fuca plate eastward several inches per year.

For now, smaller earthquakes are likely to continue. Researchers at the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network say the quakes will likely be smaller than 5.8 degrees. Just how long they will last is uncertain.

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