How does an earthquake cause a tsunami?

(KTXL) – A 6.4-magnitude earthquake struck just a few miles offshore from Humboldt County that damaged homes and roads and caused power outages, but did not trigger a tsunami, according to the National Weather Service.

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a tsunami is a series of giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.

While earthquakes that occur under the ocean can trigger a tsunami, certain things must happen, starting with the type of land movement, according to the USGS.

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The USGS states that the magnitude of an earthquake is just one factor that can trigger a tsunami. Other factors include how shallow the water is where the earthquake occurred and how the ground moves.

California is known for its many fault lines, but most of them are slip, which means the ground is moving sideways, which is less likely to generate a tsunami, but still possible, says the USGS.

In contrast, a thrust earthquake, where one part of the land moves up or down relative to another, can cause any water above it to be displaced, which can cause a tsunami.

At the same time, the USGS says that the movement must occur in a relatively shallow area in order to generate a tsunami.

Traditional waves on coasts are generated in the same way. As the water moves across the upward sloping ground, it runs out of space to contain the amount of water and this water collects and produces waves.

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The USGS says that earthquakes of magnitude less than 6.5 are unlikely to trigger a tsunami.

The pot is between 6.5 and 7.5

Earthquakes of this magnitude do not usually produce devastating tsunamis, but small changes in sea level can occur in the epicenter area.

Tsunamis that can cause damage or casualties on this huge scale are rare, but they have occurred due to secondary effects such as landslides or seaslides.

The pot is between 7.6 and 7.8

Earthquakes in this magnitude “may produce destructive tsunamis,” especially near the epicenter.

According to the USGS, small changes in sea level can be observed over greater distances. Tsunamis that can cause damage at “great distances” of this magnitude are rare.

Its magnitude is 7.9 and above

For earthquakes of this magnitude, destructive tsunamis are possible near the epicenter. It may cause “significant” changes in sea level and damage over a wider area due to its size.

If the earthquake reaches a magnitude of 9.0, there is a possibility of an aftershock of a magnitude of 7.5 or greater, according to the USGS.

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In the aftermath of Tuesday’s earthquake, the NWS recommended advice for those who live in a tsunami-prone area and feel an earthquake.

If you are in a tsunami area and there is an earthquake, protect yourself from the earthquake first. Drop, cover, and stop when shaking stops. If you are in a tsunami risk area, evacuate as soon as possible and move indoors or to higher ground immediately. At least 12 hours or more. Stay away from coastal areas until officials allow you to return

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