Health
Mirror image biomolecules help marine sea squirts lose their tails-ScienceDaily
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of living organisms and usually occur in what is known as the L-type. However, there are some exceptional examples of L-shaped (known as D-shaped) structural mirror images present in animals. D-serine is a typical D-type amino acid and plays an important role in mammals, but its role in non-mammals is unknown. Japanese researchers have recently revealed the functional role of D-serine in marine invertebrates. This may provide insights into the evolution of D-amino acid function in living organisms.
In a study published this month Science AdvancesA team led by the University of Tsukuba discovered that D-serine acts as a chemical signal that allows tissue migration of marine ascidians when they lose their tails as they transform from tadpoles to mature forms. Their findings provide a broader understanding of the chemical signals that occur during the transformation of an organism.
In mammals, D-serine binds to the ion channels found in neurons. N-Methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) regulate the transmission of messages in the brain. D-serine also plays a functional role in mammalian skin tissue. However, its role in non-mammals is not well understood and was intended to be addressed by researchers at the University of Tsukuba.
“D-serine has been detected in organisms such as insects, nematodes and mollusks,” said Professor Yasunori Sasakura, the lead author of the study. “Its global presence in metazoans reflects the conserved presence of a protein called serine racemase, which converts L-serine to its D-type.”
Previous results from the team showed that serine racemase was involved in the regression of the tadpole tail of the marine sea squirt. Shiona.. In this study, they sought to clarify the role of D-serine in this process and found that D-serine was involved in pocket formation. Shiona The epidermis that allows the tail to return to the body. This pocket was formed by D-serine, which binds to the NMDAR of the epidermis, causing the release of fluid-filled vesicles.
“The results were impressive,” explains Professor Sasakura. “We have epidermal vesicles Shiona It is very similar to the process that occurs in mammalian skin and involves the flow of cations through the NMDAR. “
Evaluate what happened when D-Serine was absent Shiona In the tail regression, the researchers created a mutation that omitted the protein responsible for making D-serine from L-serine. Shiona Organisms lacking this protein were unable to complete tail regression, but usually Shiona The organism was able to complete the process normally.
“Our findings provide insights into how epidermal homeostasis is maintained in animals and contribute to further evolutionary perspectives on D-amino acid function among metazoans.” Sasakura says.
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material Provided by University of Tsukuba.. Note: Content can be edited in style and length.
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