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Scientists grow 3D model human embryos from stem cells, Europe News & Top Stories
Paris • Scientists have developed a “blueprint” of human embryos using human stem cells as a breakthrough that could provide essential insights into the early stages of infant development. The study showed yesterday.
A team at the University of Cambridge and the Dutch-based Habrecht Institute said their model will allow them to observe unprecedented processes underlying the formation of the human body.
The human layout-known as the body plan-is done through a process called gastrulation. In this process, three different cell layers are formed in the embryo, which later give rise to the three main systems of the body: the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, and the digestive system.
Gastrulation is known as the “black box” period of human development, as legal regulations prevent scientists from developing embryos in the laboratory for more than 14 days.
The team behind the study published in Nature said their model resembled an 18- to 21-day embryo at about the same time that gastrulation occurred.
The researchers said that many birth defects occur during this period, and a better understanding of gastrulation would help understand issues such as infertility, miscarriage, and hereditary disorders.
“Our model produces a part of a human blueprint,” said Alfonso Martinez Arias, lead author of the Department of Genetics in Cambridge.
“It’s exciting to witness the developmental processes that have been hidden from the field of view and from research to date.”
To create a three-dimensional model known as a gastroid, the team collected a solid bundle of human cells and treated them with chemicals that act as signals that activate certain genes.
After several tests with mouse and zebrafish stem cells, it is the first time human stem cells have been used to create a 3D model of human embryos, he said.
Scientists emphasized that gastroids never grow into fully formed embryos because they lack brain cells and lack the tissues to be implanted in the uterus.
Nevertheless, we observed about 72 hours of model development and were able to identify clear signs of events leading to muscle, bone and cartilage formation.
Professor Jeremy Green, an expert in developmental biology at King’s College in London, said the study was a “great window” into the early formation of the human body.
“(It emphasizes the amazing power of self-assembly of cells and tissues, given the right conditions,” added Professor Green, who was not involved in the study.
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