Health
New options for managing severe asthma, lung microbiota, transplants, etc.
Research in the Department of Respiratory and Emergency Medicine was highlighted at a recent conference of the American Thoracic Society, a leading medical society focused on respiratory health worldwide. Here are some highlights:
New treatment for severe asthma
According to a study presented at the ATS2022 International Conference last month, the majority of patients with severe uncontrolled asthma showed a more significant clinical response to a drug called tesepermab, a human monoclonal antibody therapy than placebo. I did. This study showed that nearly half of the enrolled people showed less exacerbations (“asthma attacks”), asthma control, and improved lung function.
“In each measurement, recipients of tezepermab were more likely to respond. The biggest difference observed was a reduction in exacerbations. In addition, 48% of patients receiving tezepermab showed a complete response. We have achieved clinically significant improvements in all four response measurements, “said the presenter. Methods Lugogo, MD.. , Director of Internal Medicine, Associate Professor of Asthma Program, Respiratory and Emergency Medicine.
Use of digital inhaler
There is increasing evidence that excessive reliance on short-acting beta agonists, also known as SABA, is associated with worsening asthma and an increased risk of death. Clinicians are also encouraged to minimize the use of SABA, but there are no clear guidelines on how to identify safe SABA thresholds and excessive dependence on SABA.
A clinical expert study found consensus that the use of three or more SABA canisters over a 12-month period could be considered a pre-justification threshold for clinical intervention. In one study, Lugogo and her team set this threshold on a dataset from a 12-week prospective open-label trial in uncontrolled asthma patients who were using an albuterol digital inhaler. I applied it.
They identified the prevalence of SABA inhaler use above the safe threshold, positive and negative based on the presence of exacerbations with and without 138 inhalations during the 12-week study period. Calculated the threshold for. Five patients were needed to identify one patient at risk of exacerbation. “Digital inhalers provide a new way to identify patients at risk. This new technology has the potential to improve the ability to accurately stratify asthma patients,” Lugogo said. Says.
Lung microbiome and transplant rejection
In another study presented at the conference, Michael Combs, MDA clinical lecturer at the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and his team found that when lung transplant patients undergo rejection, their lung microflora predicts their mortality. In addition, they found that whether these patients would benefit clinically from an antibiotic called azithromycin, a common treatment for transplant rejection, depends on the microbiota of the lungs. This study suggests that the lung microbiome may be an overlooked therapeutic target for lung transplant rejection and other lung diseases.
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