Health
Concerns over rising syphilis cases among pregnant women and newborns
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are on the rise around the world, raising concerns. Four curable STIs — chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis — cause more than one million infections every day among adults ages 15 to 49. According to the World Health Organization, syphilis cases are increasing at an alarming rate.
Dr. Alvaro Galvis, PhD, A pediatric infectious disease specialist at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital attributes the spike to several factors, including a decline in unprotected sex. “The rise in PrEP for HIV prevention has led many people to ignore other STIs, which has resulted in an increase in unprotected sex,” he said. This has resulted in a large number of syphilis diagnoses in pregnant women, which in turn has led to congenital infections in the fetus.
In California, early syphilis cases in women increased by more than 1,100% from 2012 to 2021, and congenital syphilis cases increased by 1,500%, from 33 cases in 2012 to 528 in 2021, according to the California Department of Public Health.
Congenital syphilis, which is transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, can have devastating effects. “If syphilis is not treated in pregnant women, it can have serious consequences for the fetus, including liver, heart, brain and bone damage,” Gulbis said. Effective treatment involves giving penicillin to the pregnant mother, but this step is often omitted due to poor prenatal care.
“Properly treated infants generally do not suffer from long-term sequelae, but if not treated correctly, the infection can lead to serious complications such as meningitis and skeletal deformities,” he said.
Symptoms of congenital syphilis
- stillbirth
- Spleen, liver, or lymph node enlargement
- anemia
- heat
- rash
- Vision and hearing problems
- Developmental delays
- paralysis
The rise in congenital syphilis is closely linked to socioeconomic factors: “Lack of access to prenatal care due to low socioeconomic status and related issues such as substance abuse is a major contributing factor. This correlation is reflected in the high incidence of congenital syphilis among infants in nursing homes in San Bernardino and Riverside counties,” Galvis said.
Loma Linda University Children's Hospital is stepping up screening efforts in response to an increase in sexually transmitted disease diagnoses, making syphilis testing available to all pregnant women.
“Our proactive approach in prenatal care helps us treat mothers earlier and improve outcomes for their babies,” Galvis said.
He stresses the need for comprehensive STI education and regular testing, especially for adolescents and young adults. “Primary care physicians should test regularly for STIs and encourage retesting with new sexual partners. It's back to basics: protect yourself and make sure you get early and appropriate prenatal care,” he said.
For more information, please book now Contact your child's doctor immediately.
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