Health
First malaria vaccine from largest vaccine maker rolls out in Africa
(Bloomberg) — Côte d'Ivoire will become the first country to introduce a malaria vaccine developed by the Serum Institute of India Ltd., the world's largest vaccine maker, and Oxford University.
The R21 vaccine will be administered to children in the West African nation's commercial capital Abidjan starting on Monday, making it the second malaria vaccine to be used, the developers and their partners said in a statement.
“The new vaccine has been approved in Ghana, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and the Central African Republic, with many other countries preparing to receive their shipments,” it said in a statement. A total of 656,600 doses of the vaccine have been received and will initially be used to vaccinate 250,000 children aged newborns to 23 months in 16 regions of Côte d'Ivoire.
The vaccine has been recommended for use in Africa in 2023 by the World Health Organization (WHO) for children under five, the age group most affected by the disease, which kills more than 600,000 people a year in Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire alone, four people die from the disease every day, according to the country's health ministry.
Malaria is one of the world's most neglected diseases – 95% of cases and 96% of deaths occur in Africa, many of them in the continent's poorest countries – but with no lucrative commercial market, there has been relatively little momentum for vaccine development.
The disease has also been a tricky target for vaccine makers: the parasite that causes the deadly disease is prone to mutating and becoming resistant to treatments. In 2022, the WHO formally approved the first vaccine against the disease, Mosquirix, developed by GSK and its partners.
Serum has produced 25 million doses of the vaccine so far and plans to scale up to 100 million doses per year. The shot uses an adjuvant developed by Novavax to boost the immune response against malaria, specifically targeting strains of the parasite prevalent in Africa.
The vaccine, which costs less than $4 per dose — cheaper than those currently available — is given in three doses to children ages 5 to 36 months, with a booster dose given one year later. Clinical trials have shown that the vaccine's effectiveness is as high as 80% one year after the fourth dose.
The vaccines will be distributed primarily with the help of international health organisations such as Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, WHO, the Global Fund and UNICEF.
“In 2024, 15 African countries will introduce the malaria vaccine with Gavi's support, with countries planning to vaccinate around 6.6 million children with the malaria vaccine in 2024 and 2025,” the developers said. “Gavi and partners are working with more than 30 African countries that have expressed interest in introducing the malaria vaccine.”
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