Health
EMBL researchers create the first model of parasitic gliding function
Researchers at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) are studying the unique gliding behavior of parasites that cause malaria and toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by toxoplasmosis protozoa.This study was recently published in the Nature Journal Communication biology..
Gliding movement refers to the unique movement of Apicomplexa parasites that can overcome biological barriers without changing morphology.Their movement is driven by a group of proteins called Glidesome..
Actin is a protein that forms microfilaments and is found in all eukaryotic cells. Myosin is a motor protein involved in muscle contraction and motility in all vertebrates and eukaryotes.
Sliding parasite
Apicomplexa parasites kill thousands of people annually from infections and malaria. Parasites are also pests for the agricultural industry.
malariaIs caused by the malaria parasite species, killing nearly 414,000 people each year and infecting more than 220 million people.Parasite Toxoplasma protozoan It infects up to 30% of people around the world who have no clinical symptoms. However, parasites can cause serious damage to pregnant women and people with immunodeficiency.
Both parasites are transmitted through mosquitoes and cats. When a person is bitten by an infected mosquito, the malaria parasite slides on the skin and enters the bloodstream.
Glidesomes are the interactions between myosin and other proteins within the Apicomplexa parasite. Little is known about the molecular structure of glidesome proteins. Understanding the structure of proteins can advance the development of drugs to prevent the aggregation of grideosome proteins. Then new treatments for malaria and toxoplasmosis can be developed.
Read again: New study correlates parasites with various neuropsychiatric and behavioral states
Molecular structure of parasite proteins
The team was able to create a molecular structure of a grideosome protein called the essential light chain (ELC) that binds to the parasite myosin.They used a combination of Nuclear magnetic resonance And X-ray crystallography..
They observed that after ELC bound to myosin, they hardened and acted as parasite liver arms. The protein allowed the parasite to take long steps and accelerate its gliding movement. Researchers have also found that calcium hardens without affecting protein structure, but it helps stabilize ELC.
Matthew Bowler, who studies the Toxoplasma parasites of the immune system but was not involved in the study, gave the paper the first glimpse of how the two parasites move around and cause infection. Said that. “It’s fascinating to see new molecular details emerge about how these parasites work outside the host cell. The beautiful structure is how the motors that drive this movement are combined and It shows how we can provide the basis for developing new drugs to treat these diseases. “
Maria Bernabau, who is also not involved in the study but is leading the study of cerebral malaria, said the infection caused by the malaria parasite begins when it slides on the skin. “Understanding the gliding movements of parasites may help in the development of targeted drugs and vaccines. Malaria parasite Before multiplying “
In conclusion, the authors write that ELC can double the rate of myosin in parasites. Further research is needed to fully understand the glideosome structure and mechanism of phylum Apicomplexa gliding.
Read again: Scientists want to protect parasites for the following reasons and methods:
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