Health
Good gut bacteria help the human immune system protect the brain from infection, studies say.
Researchers have found that antibodies are constantly produced in the brain sinuses, not just during infection.
It is a well-known fact that the intestines and the brain are closely related. Everything that happens in the brain (stress, anxiety, etc.) tends to affect the gut, which signals the gut when it is suffering.
Currently, a group of researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the University of Cambridge say it is the gut flora that trains the immune system to protect the brain from infection.
The results of the study are published in the journal Nature..
Brain layer and immune system
Our brain is surrounded by three membranes called the meninges, which are constantly fighting harmful microbes to protect the brain. It is also surrounded by blood vessels sealed by the blood-brain barrier, a semipermeable membrane that only selectively passes solutes.
However, the outermost membrane, called the dura, has large sinuses that return slow-moving blood to the heart. These open spaces and proximity to the brain make the dura vulnerable to pathogens.
Previous studies have shown the presence of macrophages (cells of the innate immune system) and T cells in the brain.
The latest studies were conducted using mouse and human autopsy tissues.
Looking at the dura, researchers found IgA antibodies in the dura. This is something that has never been noticed before. IgA is a type of antibody that is present in various secretions of the human body such as tears and mucus.
To study the effect of the microbiome on this protection, researchers compared normal healthy mice to sterile mice (without their own microbiome) and found that the latter had little IgA in the meninges. Did. When the gut flora of sterile mice was reconstituted with microorganisms that remained in the gut and could not move around, researchers found that the IgA repertoire of the meninges was completely reconstituted.
Reconstruction of the skin flora of these mice does not cause the same, suggesting that it is the gut flora that plays a role in IgA immunity in the brain.
The DNA of the IgA antibody in the meningeal and intestinal sections was found to have a 20% similarity, indicating that both sources are the same. When the intestine was artificially ruptured in the laboratory, an immune response was seen in both the intestine and the meninges, further confirming the association.
Finally, to study the role of IgA in meningeal protection, researchers introduced fungi into the meninges of two groups of mice, a normal healthy mouse and a genetically engineered IgA-depleted mouse. Did. They pointed out that mice with a healthy immune system initiated a strong IgA response to the fungus. However, mice that did not have sufficient IgA developed a fungal infection in the brain and died.
Interestingly, researchers have found that antibodies are constantly produced in the brain sinuses, not just during infection. However, administration of antibiotics reduces IgA in the meninges of mice, suggesting that even temporary reductions in microorganisms in the body may affect the immune system.
For more information Immune system and immunity..
The Firstpost Health article was created by myUpchar.com, India’s first and largest resource for validated medical information. At myUpchar, researchers and journalists work with doctors to provide all the information about health.
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