Diabetes: Beneficial gut bacteria can play an important role in the treatment of illness

Researchers at Oregon State University in the United States have found that several organisms in the gut flora play important roles in type 2 diabetes, opening the door to probiotic treatment potential for serious metabolic disorders. I found that there is. The human gut flora is characterized by over 10 trillion microbial cells from approximately 1,000 different bacterial species. Microbiome dysbiosis, or imbalance, is generally associated with harmful effects on human health.

According to research co-leader Andrey Morgan, the so-called “Western diet” (high in saturated fat and refined sugar) is one of the main factors.

“But gut bacteria play an important role in regulating the effects of the diet.”

The main risk factor for type 2 diabetes is overweight, often the result of a Western diet and low physical activity.

“Some studies suggest that dysbiosis is caused by complex changes resulting from the interaction of hundreds of different microorganisms,” said Natalia Shurgenko, an associate professor of biomedical sciences. ..

“But our and other studies suggest that individual members of diet-altered microbial communities can have a significant impact on the host.”

Shulzhenko and Morgun used a new data-driven systems biology approach called trans-kingdom network analysis to study host-microbial interactions in the Western diet.

This allowed individual members of the microbiome to investigate whether diet was involved in host-induced metabolic changes.

“The analysis pointed to certain microbes that could affect the way people metabolize glucose and lipids,” Morgan said.

Scientists have identified four operational classification units (OTUs) that appear to affect glucose metabolism. OTU is a means of classifying bacteria based on gene sequence similarity.

The identified OTUs corresponded to four bacterial species: Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus gasseri, Romboutsia ilealis, and Ruminococcus gnavus.

Checking mouse results against data from previous human studies, scientists found a correlation between the human body mass index and the abundance of four bacteria-more. Improved people meant a better body mass index, and more worse people were associated with less healthy BMI.

“We found that R. ilealis is present in more than 80% of obese patients, suggesting that the organism may be the pathogen that is prevalent in overweight people,” said Shulzhenko. I am.

“Our study reveals insights into potential probiotic strains for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the mechanisms of their action,” Morgan published in Nature Communications. I mentioned it in the paper.

“This generally means an opportunity to develop targeted therapies rather than trying to restore a” healthy “microbiome. “

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