Health
Researchers find ways to respond better to treatment of childhood brain tumors
Brain cancer in children is always a devastating diagnosis, but researchers at McMaster University may have found ways to respond more effectively to the most serious types of childhood brain cancer.
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and has recently been classified into four molecular subtypes. Group 1 tumors have excellent outcomes, are rarely spread, and rarely fatal. However, groups 2, 3, and 4 are still aggressive, have a metastatic spread, and are fatal in 20-30% of patients despite complete treatment.
Group 1 MB is also known as Wnt subtype. This is because it is characterized by the apparent activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, an important signaling pathway in multiple tissues and organs during normal development.
A study conducted in the laboratory of Dr. Sheila Singh at McMaster University was published in the journal today Natural communicationHave identified small molecule compounds that can activate the Wnt pathway of non-Wnt subtypes of medulloblastoma and make these aggressive forms of cancer more responsive to treatment.
Studies have also discovered that the Wnt pathway, which has historically been thought to promote cancer, functions as a cancer inhibitor in certain situations.
Branavan Manoranjan did his research as part of his PhD thesis at McMaster’s Michael G. Degrute Medical MD / PhD program.
He examines whether activating Wnts in groups 3 or 4 MB reduces tumor aggression, reduces the proportion of cancer stem cells and the capacity for self-renewal, and reduces the ability of tumors to grow and spread. In order to do that, we investigated several different methods.
By performing gene sequencing of individual brain tumor stem cells, a rare portion of the cells of cancers of groups 2, 3, and 4 were Wnt active, and when they were sorted, they became smaller and more benign. Generated a visible tumor. Wnt-inactive cells give rise to aggressive metastatic tumors.
Next, the team tested a small molecule that turns on the Wnt pathway in mice with non-Wnt medulloblastoma subtype tumors. This reduced tumor growth and improved survival.
Our study shows that the Wnt pathway, which has historically been thought to promote cancer, may function as a tumor suppressor in certain situations. We also found that all different subtypes have a small percentage of Wnt active cells. This is promising. “
Branavan Manolan Jean, NUniversity of Calgary Eurosurgery Resident
Sing, a senior author of the study, added that agents currently used for other conditions were found to selectively and specifically activate Wnt signaling.
“In the end, Wnt activation could represent an innovative targeted therapeutic strategy for treatment-resistant medulloblastoma,” she said.
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