Health
Researchers discover unexplained populations of neurons that help control eye movements
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have discovered an unexplained population of neurons that help control our eyes when viewed in three-dimensional space.
In normal viewing, you look between objects in 3D space many times a minute. Each time you make a change, your left and right eyes rotate in about the same direction, but in most cases they rotate differently. These unequal movements are known as disjunctive saccades.
The disjunctive saccade is different from the other two eye movements. One is called conjugated saccade, in which the eyes rotate all at once, and the other is called symmetric saccade, in which the eyes rotate in the same but opposite directions. The underlying mechanism of the disjunctive saccade is unknown.
Several models of eye movement predicted the presence of a population of neurons called soccer burgundy burst neurons (SVBNs). It does not fire with the other two types of eye movements and produces a burst of activity only during the disjunctive saccade.
Julie Quinet, Ph.D. UAB researchers, led by, searched for these putative neurons in a region of the midbrain near the oculomotor nucleus called the midbrain reticular formation (cMRF).
Recent anatomical studies have suggested that cMRF may contain premotor neurons involved in the neural control of disjunctive saccades.
Using the brain records of trained rhesus monkeys, Quinet et al. Found and recorded 18 SVBNs on cMRF.
As far as we know, no such class of cells has been reported in previous record studies.s. “
Julie Kinnett, Researcher V, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
This new population of SVBNs showed three unique properties predicted by the model. 1) Neurons discharged when an animal performs a disjunctive saccade. 2) Neurons remained silent during unison eye movements called conjugated saccades and during symmetric saccade eye movements, in which the eyes were equal but rotated in opposite directions.
3) Neurons burst regardless of the direction of the disjunctive saccade (right or left). In addition, the burst of spikes during the disjunctive saccade was highly correlated with the rate of convergence, the rate at which the eyes move closer and further away from each other.
Interestingly, half of the recorded cells increased the firing rate of the convergent disjunctive saccade, and half increased the firing rate of the divergent disjunctive saccade.
Quinet et al. Further studied the disjunctive saccade of brain regions that may supply input to SVBNs to treat strabismus, a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other when looking at an object. It explains the solution and states that it helps to move forward.
The results of this study and previous studies elsewhere and at the UAB suggest that SVBN may play a role in all elements of near-triad responses such as accommodation, pupil contraction, and convergence. I am.
Source:
Journal reference:
Quinet, J. , et al.. (2020) Neural control of rapid binocular movement: saccade-convergent burst neurons. Minutes of the National Academy of Sciences.. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015318117..
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