A “slow-moving” earthquake lasted 32 years in the nineteenth century

Researchers from Nanyang Technological University in Singapore (NTU) discovered that a “slow” earthquake lasted 32 years in the 19th century and ultimately led to the catastrophic Sumatra earthquake of 1862. Their findings are published in the scientific journal Nature Geoscience.

This discovery constitutes the longest slow-motion earthquake ever detected in history, and the researchers stated that their study shows that existing earthquake risk assessment models may lack a critical indicator of catastrophic massive earthquakes.

Slow-moving earthquakes, also known as slow-slide events, occur when Earth’s tectonic plates slide against each other at a slow rate without causing major earthquakes.

The NTU team behind the discovery was actually studying historical sea levels by investigating ancient coral reefs on Simeulue Island off the coast of Sumatra. Corals naturally record changes in seal levels and ground elevation through visible growth patterns.

The researchers collected data from coral reefs and simulated the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates and found that from 1829 to 1861, when the Sumatra earthquake happened, the southeastern side of Simullo Island was sinking into the sea faster than expected, indicating a slow-moving earthquake.

Earthquake models may need updating

In their paper, the researchers explain that the slow earthquake eased pressure on the shallow part where the two tectonic plates met. However, this was carried to a nearby deeper part, and culminated in the massive Sumatra earthquake of 1861.

The Sumatra earthquake of 1861 had a magnitude of 8.5 and also caused a tsunami. Both events resulted in massive damage and several thousand deaths.

The scientific community previously believed that slow earthquakes occurred over months, not decades. NTU researchers said their study could help contribute to better assessing earthquake risk in the future.

New information – that is, slow-moving earthquakes are more likely to cause massive earthquakes than previously thought – can be incorporated into existing models, such as the one used to predict tsunamis using the Japanese supercomputer Fujaku.

The researchers also mentioned that there may be a slow-moving earthquake on Ingano Island. Using a new methodology based on their findings, they report that there has been a “slow, continuous sliding event on the island of Engano, Indonesia, located about 100 kilometers (60 miles) southwest of Sumatra,” the researchers said in a newspaper. Release.

If this finding is correct, Associate Professor Aaron Meltzner, co-author of the study, says, “Communities living close to this Indonesian island are likely to face higher risks from tsunamis and earthquakes than previously thought. This indicates that risk models and mitigation strategies need to be done. Modernization. “

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