The Underground Monster: Facts on Earthquakes

Thirteen years ago, a massive earthquake imprinted Wenchuan on people’s minds.

At 14:28:04 Beijing time on May 12, 2008, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale struck Wenchuan County in the Aba Tibet and Qiang Autonomous regions of southwest China’s Sichuan Province, covering an area of ​​252,000 square kilometers. It affected 29.43 million people, 69,227 killed, 17,923 missing, more than 360,000 injured, and caused economic losses of 771.77 billion yuan, making it the most devastating and costly earthquake.

Since 2009, the State Council has designated May 12 as the National Day for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation.

Wenchuan Earthquake National Monument. / VCG

Wenchuan Earthquake National Monument. / VCG

What do you know about earthquakes? When disasters come, what should we do?

Why do earthquakes happen?

Earthquakes can be caused by natural events such as volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts, but the majority of naturally occurring earthquakes are caused by the movement of Earth’s plates. Earth’s surface is made up of tectonic plates that lie underground and oceans on our planet. The collision of these plates could cause violent earthquakes, as the Earth’s surface vibrates, according to National Geographic.

The epicenter, epicenter and central distance of the earthquake

The place where an earthquake occurs within the Earth is called the epicenter of the earthquake. The focus location vertically opposite to the Earth is called the epicenter. The distance from the epicenter to any point of interest is called the central distance.

Types of seismic waves

When an earthquake occurs, shock waves of energy, called seismic waves, are released from the epicenter. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the inner layers of Earth, but surface waves can only move along the planet’s surface like ripples on water.

What should you do when an earthquake strikes?

If the volume is not high and the seismic rating of your building is higher than earthquakes, you can reach under a nearby table or bed.

If the earthquake is strong, you can run to open areas immediately if you expect to be able to evacuate outside in time. However, if the time remaining for you to escape is short, it is best to pick up an earthquake disaster kit and quickly sit under the bed, table, or face a wall.

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