Health
Scientists urge more focus on animal viruses to stop the next COVID-19
Finding the next deadly virus and preventing the spread of mice, bats, and monkeys to people should be the main focus of the world’s efforts to stop the next pandemic.
Preventing the disease from migrating from wildlife to people will save lives and billions of costs, researchers said, and detection and treatment of the virus after people get sick. Should be prioritized over.
Disease experts and wildlife biologists have warned of the deadly risk of pathogens spreading from animals to humans before COVID-19 arrives. A long list of such previous viruses includes HIV, Ebola, and Chikungunya fever.
Well, two years of fighting the virus You may have jumped from an unknown animal in Wuhan, China. Aaron Bernstein, a pediatrician at Boston Children’s Hospital and interim director of the Center for Climate, Health and Global Environment at Harvard University, said the threat and the urgency to prevent the next exotic illness from orbiting the globe have increased. Stated.
On Friday, the journal “Science” Progress “by a group of 20 researchers across five continents.
He said vaccines, medicines, and diagnostic tests aren’t necessary, and that future pandemics need to be started before the virus arrives. “Vaccines are not primary prophylaxis.”
Researchers estimate that it costs $ 20 billion annually to focus preventative efforts on areas of greatest risk. This is one-tenth of the estimated annual economic loss of emerging viral diseases and is a small price that exceeds the estimated 3.3 million lives of emerging infectious diseases. sick.
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This study showed that new virus outbreaks are occurring at an increasing rate and are expected to be even more frequent.
They point to diseases that have already been tracked in animals, such as the ongoing pig disease in China and the chronic wasting disease of deer in the United States.
Such diseases can be transmitted not only directly from animals to humans, but also through mites, mosquitoes, and insects such as garden slugs and snails.
Most diseases spill from a variety of bats, rats and monkeys In the moist tropics of the worldStuart Pimm, a professor of nature maintenance ecology at Harvard University’s Duke Nicholas School of Environmental Studies, said.
“We know which country they are in,” Pim said. “Knowing what’s in a tropical bat seems very wise to us.”
And those animals should not be imported “without knowing what kind of illness they have,” he added. “We infect what may be there, what infects animals, and what we import, either because of pet trade or wildlife meat, or some kind of luxury goods. You need to pay a lot of attention to things. “
This study lists three main factors for new pathogens. Wildlife trading and hunting. Strengthening and expanding agriculture; and destroying tropical forests. Deforestation, especially in the tropics, deepens contact with animals as people clear land for farmland, lumber and road construction.
The study of pandemic prevention was one of at least two articles on similar topics published in the journal over the past week. The second, from a group of Florida researchers at the University of Florida and Stetson University, states that they were the first to record larvae of rat pneumoniae parasites that inhabit the interior of the invasive Cuban tree frog. increase.
As adults, paragonimiasis larvae live in the lungs of rats, said Terry Farrell, a professor of biology at Stetson. Humans can get lungworms by accidentally ingesting snails and slugs that eat agricultural products.
Raising awareness of the potential for new parasites is a priority, Farrell said.
“It’s amazing and scary that we’re spreading the disease all over the world,” he said. “Almost all of these parasitic diseases we are concerned about are transmitted through the food chain.”
He said Florida is of particular concern as it is the “epicenter” of reptile, amphibian and fish imports.
Pim said a key concern about mass clearing at Amazon was a four-hour flight to Miami.
The pandemic prevention study recommended three actions. Better monitoring of potential pathogens, better management of global wildlife trade. Significant reduction in deforestation.
According to Bernstein, this measure may have other benefits, such as protecting wildlife habitats and removing carbon from the atmosphere.
Marcia Castro, chair of the Global Health and Population Division at the TH Chan School of Public Health at Harvard University, said several small centers are trying to monitor pathogens. “But one of the challenges is to build a real network around the world.”
What can an individual do to prevent the spread of the disease?
Bernstein suggests eating locally or locally grown foods as much as possible, purchasing products from companies that disclose the source of the product, and avoiding products that rely on rainforest ingredients. He also advises not to buy exotic pets from tropical waters and forests, or to buy clothes made from wild or domestic animals.
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