Health
Allergic asthma may protect you from severe cases of COVID-19
Chapel Hill, North Carolina (StudyFinds.org) – Can pollen and seasonal allergens actually protect some people from COVID-19? Researchers in North Carolina have found that people with allergic asthma are less likely to get a severe infection.
For people with allergic asthma, the same trigger that many people sneeze when an allergy strikes causes an asthma attack in others. This study discovered the protective role of interleukin-12 (IL-13) in these individuals.
“We knew why people with allergic asthma had to have a biomechanical reason. Seemed to be more protected “From a serious illness,” said Dr. Camille Ehre, an assistant professor of pediatrics at UNC School of Medicine. University release.. “Our research team discovered many important cellular changes, especially with IL-13, and concluded that IL-13 plays a unique role in the defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection in specific patient populations. I did. “
Does it prevent COVID from spreading to the lungs?
Researchers usually cannot use cytokines such as IL-13 in clinical treatment because they cause inflammation. However, the researchers in this study found it still important to study their mechanism of action and how they protect cells from foreign invaders. Doing so may reveal new therapeutic targets that go beyond the use of cytokines.
The research team used genetic analysis of human airway cell cultures Infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Virus that causes COVID-19) We will study the gene expression of the human protein ACE2 in a specific cell type and the amount of virus found in the cell population.
Scientists used an electron microscope to determine the amount of virus from infected ciliated cells that move mucus along the surface of the airways. They also discovered large-scale changes in human cells due to viral infections. The changes accumulated in the infected ciliated cells and gradually flushed off the airway surface.
“This shedding provides a large virus reservoir for the spread and infection of SARS-CoV-2,” says Dr. Ehre. “It also seems to increase the likelihood that infected cells will migrate to deeper lung tissue.”
Important proteins can block the virus
Further experiments on infected airway cells revealed a significant reduction in the mucous protein MUC5AC.The team suggests that depletion may be due to excessive protein secretion as cells. Attempted to trap an invading virus.. However, in widespread virus infections, cell efforts were wasted as the presence of the virus continued to grow.
The importance of MUC5AC has attracted attention from researchers who knew from previous studies that patients with allergic asthma overproduce MUC5AC and are less susceptible to severe COVID.In addition, they have asthma patients Exposed to allergensCytokine IL-13 increases pulmonary MUC5AC secretion.
Imitate people’s airways With asthma, They infected human airway cells and then treated them with IL-13. Their findings showed a significant reduction in lung viral load, infected cell excretion, and infected cell number. The reduction remains even when mucus is removed from the cell culture, indicating that IL-13 has multiple ways to protect against SARS-CoV-2.
RNA-seqing analysis showed IL-13 upregulation genes involved in antiviral processes and airway immune defense. IL-13 also reduces ACE2 expression, which functions as a viral receptor.
“I think this study further demonstrates how important it is to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection as soon as possible,” Dr. Ehre concludes. “And it shows how important certain mechanisms involving ACE2 and IL-13 are, as we are doing our best to protect patients from the development of severe infections.”
The study is published at Minutes of the National Academy of Sciences..
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