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New technology allows accurate measurement of electrostatic properties of materials–ScienceDaily
Physicists at the University of California, Irvine have demonstrated the use of hydrogen molecules as quantum sensors in scanning tunneling microscopes equipped with terahertz lasers. This is a technique that can measure the chemistry of a material with unprecedented time and spatial resolution.
This new technology can also be applied to the analysis of 2D materials that may play a role in advanced energy systems, electronic devices and quantum computers.
today ChemistryResearchers at UCI’s Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry have placed two bonding atoms of hydrogen between a sample consisting of a flat copper surface with silver tips and small islands of copper nitride arranged in an STM. I will explain how to do it. With a laser pulse lasting trillions of seconds, scientists excite hydrogen molecules, detect changes in quantum state at very low temperatures and in the ultra-high vacuum environment of the instrument, and render atomic-scale time-lapse images. I was able to do. Specimen, sample.
“This project represents advances in both measurement techniques and the scientific questions that the approach has made possible to explore,” says co-author Wilson Ho, professor of physics, astronomy and chemistry. I did. “Quantum microscopes that rely on coherent superposition probing of states in a two-level system are much more sensitive than existing instruments that are not based on this quantum physics principle.”
According to Ho, the hydrogen molecule is an example of a two-level system because its orientation shifts between two positions that are slightly tilted up and down horizontally. Through a laser pulse, scientists can guide the system to periodically transition from the ground state to the excited state, superimposing the two states. The duration of periodic vibrations is very short, lasting only a few tens of picoseconds, but by measuring this “decohealth time” and the periodic period, scientists can see how hydrogen molecules interact with their environment. I was able to confirm that it was done.
“Hydrogen molecules have become part of the quantum microscope in the sense that hydrogen is between the tip and the sample wherever the microscope scans,” Ho said. “This gives us a very sensitive probe that allows us to see variations up to 0.1 angstroms. At this resolution, we can see how the charge distribution of the sample changes.”
The space between the STM chip and the sample is unimaginably small, about 6 angstroms or 0.6 nanometers. The STM, assembled by Ho and his team, is equipped to detect minute currents in this space and generate spectroscopic measurements that prove the presence of hydrogen molecules and sample elements. According to Ho, this experiment is the first demonstration of chemically sensitive spectroscopy based on terahertz-induced rectified currents through a single molecule.
According to Ho, the ability to characterize materials at this level of detail based on the quantum coherence of hydrogen is the science of catalysts, as the function of catalysts often depends on surface defects on a single atom scale. Very useful in engineering.
“As long as hydrogen can be adsorbed on the material, in principle, hydrogen can be used as a sensor to characterize the material itself through observation of the electrostatic field distribution,” said UCI’s graduate student in physics and astronomy. Lead author Likun Wang said. ..
Joining Ho and Wang on this project, backed by the US Department of Basic Energy Sciences, was Yumpensia, a graduate student in physics and astronomy at the University of California, Irvine.
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