Monkeypox is a DNA virus, unlike the coronavirus – this is what it means to the virus and us

Monkeypox is suddenly on everyone’s radar from a few cases outside the area where it is endemic. Over 1,600 In just a few weeks. Given the horror that COVID has brought, it’s not surprising that people are wondering if this is another pandemic.

Monkeypox, despite its name, is common in rodents and squirrels in western and central Africa. People asked why it spreads to areas where there are no natural animal reservoirs. Did the virus mutate to make it more efficient from human to human?

Of course, we are all familiar with the variants (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, omicron) produced by SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID), not to mention the subvariants. So how do you prevent the virus that was once again home in the tropics from adapting to the new environment and spreading well?

The main difference between monkeypox and coronavirus is that the former is a DNA virus and the latter is an RNA virus. In short, RNA viruses make more mistakes in the genetic code when replicating than DNA viruses. More mistakes mean more mutations and are therefore more likely to come up with a new design that is better (more “fit” in Darwin’s sense) than the older version that produced it. (Of course, many new variants aren’t very adapted to their environment, so they disappear without even knowing they exist.)

DNA viruses such as monkeypox are more stable. Mistakes (reads: variants) are found more often because they can “calibrate” the genome. This does not mean that the DNA virus does not change at all, but it does mean that it is less likely to change than the RNA virus.

Poxviruses that can infect humans include smallpox (extinct in the wild thanks to the vaccine), cowpox, infectious edema, and monkeypox, but water poxviruses are found in both poxviruses and chickens. I can’t. They are a very stable group of viruses that cause characteristic pustules. “Pox” comes from the Old English word “pocc” which means pustule, blister, or ulcer.

Not a normal symptom

It is difficult to get the full picture of any virus, especially one that infects only a few people each year. As the number of cases increases, weAtypical presentation“The virus. This means that people do not see the typical acne that covers their entire body. Instead, there is a small pain in the area of ​​contact with the infected people.

This atypical symptom is probably not due to a significant change in the virus. Gene sequence The proportion of the virus from Portuguese patients showed no significant changes in the virus compared to previous outbreaks in 2018 and 2019. Instead, atypical symptoms are probably due to more infections and therefore more widespread symptoms.

Another possible reason for the change is that monkeypox (West Africa) strains (called “clades”) that are currently circulating in non-epidemic countries tend to cause milder infections than Central African strains.

Given what we know about the stability of other poxviruses and DNA viruses, monkeypox virus changes appear to be slow. This is not the only reason for cautious optimism.There is also a vaccine Approximately 85% effective Against monkeypox. Vaccines are still effective because they have a lower mutation rate than RNA viruses, regardless of the number of infected people. In other words, it is unlikely that a mutant will emerge that can “escape” the vaccine.

This vaccine, in combination with public health measures such as contact tracing, is expected to be sufficient to contain this outbreak.

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