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How Colon Cancer Occurs > News > Yale Medicine
Even if you understand the importance of having a colonoscopy, colorectal canceryou may not know about how cancer develops in this vital organ.
The colon and rectum have a lining called the mucosa or epithelium, which contains epithelial cells. She explains that mucous membranes help form the colon and move stool, and also help maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and fluids. Dr. Ira Leedscolorectal surgeon at Yale Medicine.
“The mucous membranes work over time to keep this process moving in a smooth and predictable manner. To do this, the mucous membranes are constantly rotating, just like the skin on the outside of the body.” Dr. Leeds says.
However, in some cases, mistakes occur in the metabolic processes of that cell. “Errors occur so frequently in the colon that they occur more frequently than in the eye or the heart,” Dr. Leeds added.
In the colon and rectum, these abnormal cell clumps polyp, or a growth that protrudes from the lining of the colon into the lumen of the intestine. When more errors occur in the cells that form the inner layer, polyp It can cause cancer.
“One of my main jobs is to encourage people to get tested for colorectal cancer. Screening allows us to identify polyps at a very early stage,” he says. Dr. Taneisha Granta gastroenterologist at Yale Medicine.
Gold standard screening is colonoscopyDuring this time, your doctor uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end to examine your colon and rectum.
“During a colonoscopy, we carefully look at the walls and lining of your colon. We take a biopsy, or small tissue sample, but we can also remove polyps entirely during the procedure.” Dr. Grant says.
Removing polyps reduces the risk of developing cancer.
It's important to note that regular colonoscopies for people at average risk for colorectal cancer are now recommended to start at age 45, Dr. Grant said. Previously, the recommended age was 50 years old, but due to the increase in the number of elderly people, the recommended age has been lowered. Colorectal cancer incidence increases among young people.
In the video above, a doctor from Yale School of Medicine talks more about colorectal cancer and screening.
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