Health
Researchers identify gut bacteria that contributes to food addiction and obesity
Researchers have discovered specific gut bacteria that contribute to food addiction and lead to obesity in both mice and humans.
Their findings will be presented at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) Forum 2024. Featured in the magazine GutThey also identified bacteria that may help prevent food addiction.
Professor Elena Martin-Garca, from the Neuropharmacology and NeuroPhar Institute at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, Spain, explained that food addiction is characterised by a loss of control over food intake and is associated with obesity, eating disorders and changes in the composition of the gut microbiome.
“Until now, the mechanisms underlying this behavioral disorder were largely unknown,” she said.
Institute director Professor Rafael Maldonado emphasized that these findings hold great potential for identifying new biomarkers for food addiction and for researching beneficial bacteria as therapeutics.
He noted that current treatments for the behavior are ineffective and stressed the need for new solutions, including beneficial bacteria and nutritional supplements.
The team diagnosed food addiction in both mice and humans using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0), a 35-question scale adapted for humans and adapted for mice based on criteria such as persistent food seeking, strong food cravings, and compulsive behaviors.
The study revealed that food-addicted mice had an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria and Blautia, with a similar pattern observed in food-addicted humans.
These findings suggest that certain microbiota, particularly Blautia, which showed potential benefits in both mice and humans, may protect against food addiction.
The researchers also tested the effect of prebiotics such as lactulose and rhamnose, which boost levels of Blautia in the gut.
Feeding mice with these prebiotics significantly improved their symptoms of food poisoning. Additionally, feeding mice with the probiotic Blautia wexlerae produced similar favorable results.
“The characterization of the gut microbiota in mice and humans suggests a detrimental effect of Proteobacteria and a possible protective effect against food dependence of Actinobacteria and Bacillus subtilis,” Professor Martin-Galcá said.
She highlighted the complex interplay between gut bacteria and brain function, noting that this study is the first to demonstrate a direct interplay between gut composition and brain gene expression.
The research team also investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in food addiction.
Using Tough Decoy (TuD) technology to inhibit specific miRNAs in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice, the researchers found that inhibiting miRNA-29c-3p and miRNA-665-3p promoted persistent and compulsive behaviors and increased vulnerability to food addiction.
“These two miRNAs may function as protective factors against food addiction,” explains Professor Maldonado. Understanding their role may shed light on the neurobiology of the loss of eating control that is crucial in obesity and related diseases. Researchers are now investigating more deeply the interplay between the gut microbiota and miRNA expression in the brain.
The groundbreaking research by Professor Martin Galka and his colleagues paves the way for future therapies targeting the gut-brain axis to tackle food addiction and obesity.
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Sources 2/ https://www.indiatoday.in/health/story/researchers-identify-bacteria-in-gut-contributing-to-food-addiction-and-obesity-2560521-2024-07-01 The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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