Health
COVID Q & A: Vaccine Efficacy and Herd Immunity | Coronavirus
This week, Rutul Dalal, MD, medical director of UPMC infections in the Sasquehana region, provided answers to questions about the efficacy of both the COVID vaccine and herd immunity.
How effective are the two vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna?
Both vaccines have shown high efficacy based on clinical trials in tens of thousands of people of different races and ethnicities. The Pfizer vaccine protects 95% of people who receive it from COVID-19 disease. The Moderna vaccine protects 94% of people vaccinated against COVID-19 disease.
It is also not yet known if vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine can prevent the coronavirus from spreading to others.
What is the rate at which the vaccine may not work?
Both vaccines protect against the serious illness of a small number of people who develop COVID-19 after vaccination. No one who received either vaccine during the clinical trial required hospitalization.
What percentage of the population needs to be vaccinated to make a difference? What if that percentage isn’t achieved?
Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of the community’s population is immune to the disease. Once herd immunity is achieved, it becomes more difficult for the disease to spread from person to person.
The proportion of the population that needs immunity to achieve herd immunity depends on the disease. The easy spread of the disease increases the proportion of people who need immunity to reach herd immunity.
According to a report from the Journal of the American Medical Association, immunity to disease is required everywhere between 70% and 90% of the population to achieve herd immunity.
Vaccines are the most common way to reach herd immunity, but they can also be achieved by previous illnesses in the community.
Simply put, herd immunity protects everyone. Achieving herd immunity means that the disease cannot spread easily, making it more difficult for people to get sick.
Herd immunity from vaccination has helped make measles, polio, mumps, chickenpox and other illnesses rare in the United States.
Herd immunity can also protect people who may not be vaccinated. Groups such as the elderly, people with weakened immunity, and people who are allergic to some vaccine components may not be vaccinated. Alternatively, the vaccine may not be very effective. If a sufficient number of people in the area are vaccinated, it can protect vulnerable people from illness.
Do people still need to wear masks and social distances after being vaccinated?
You should continue to follow the CDC’s public health recommendations after receiving both the first and second doses of the vaccine. These recommendations are as follows:
- Wear face masks around nose and mouth, especially around non-family members, especially in public places
- Avoid large gatherings and crowds
- Avoid poorly ventilated areas
- Maintain a social distance of at least 6 feet from others
- Follow hand hygiene
Is there a myth you want to dispel about vaccines?
Consider the most common myths revealed here. https://share.upmc.com/2020/12/covid-19-vaccine-myths-facts/..
Many readers still have questions about COVID-19 virus and vaccines. This newspaper is reaching out to local experts for answers.Please send the question you want to answer in the treatise to the following address [email protected]..
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