Health
Yale University scientists “supercharge” T cells to fight cancer
Scientists at Yale University have identified ways to “supercharge” T cells that attack tumors. This is the discovery that it not only improves the effectiveness of promising types of cell-based cancer immunotherapy, but also has the potential to increase the number of cancers that can be treated.
Their findings were published in the journal Cell Metabolism on March 10.
This discovery can advance CAR-T cell therapy, which utilizes the immune response of T cells to cancer by introducing tumor-detecting molecules into cells. Over the last decade, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved six CAR-T cell therapies to treat B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. However, despite early success, the effectiveness of treatment tends to decline over time, and the search for ways to enhance T cell function has begun.
Also, there are currently no approved CAR-T cell therapies to treat solid tumors.
For new research, researchers in Sidi Chen’s lab, an associate professor of genetics at Yale and a senior author of the paper, have found that CD8T cells have specific genes that may enhance their capacity. We have devised an original method to efficiently scan the genome and attack cancer cells.
“”We have developed a new kind of genome-wide gain-of-function screen to find molecular enzymes that act like the feet of an accelerator pedal and increase the metabolic activity of T cells, “Chen said.
They have high levels of activity in several genes, including PRODH2, a gene involved in cell metabolism, and CAR-T cell activity in a mouse model used to study three types of cancer, including solid tumor breast cancer. Found to stimulate an increase in. Researchers show that the findings show that it is possible to produce hypermetabolized CAR-T cells that are superior to existing cell therapies, researchers say.
Using these systems and findings, future studies will test newly identified types of metabolically enhanced CAR-T in clinical settings, identify other T cell overchargers, and identify them. Cell-based immunotherapy can be extended to different types of cancer, especially solid tumors, Chen. Said.
Chen is affiliated with the Yale Cancer Center, the Yale Stem Cell Center, the Yale Biomedical Data Science Center, and the Systems Biology Institute and Cancer Systems Biology Center on the Yale West Campus.
Lupeng Ye, Jonathan Park, Lei Peng and Quanjun Yang of Yale University are co-lead authors of this paper.
This study was primarily funded by the National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Defense.
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