Health
What is meningococcal disease? Symptoms to know as CDC warns of surge in bacterial infections
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is warning of an increase in meningococcal disease, a rarer bacterial disease that can cause meningitis, a potentially fatal infection.
in Warning to doctors On Thursday, the CDC noted an increase in cases of a type of invasive meningococcal disease, most of which are caused by a particular strain of bacteria.
Last year, 422 infections were reported in the United States, the highest number in a single year since 2014. As of March 25 of this year, 143 cases have already been reported, which the CDC said is on track to exceed the number of cases in 2023.
The CDC said cases were disproportionately among adults between the ages of 30 and 60, Black people, and people with HIV.
Here's what else you should know about this disease:
Symptoms of meningococcosis
Meningococcal disease can take several different forms. It usually presents as meningitis or a bloodstream infection. According to the CDC.
“Both of these types of infections are very serious and can cause death within hours,” the agency said.
meningococcal meningitis Infection and swelling of the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms usually include:
Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, confusion, and photophobia (when the eyes become sensitive to light).
meningococcal bloodstream infection It damages blood vessel walls and causes bleeding in the skin and organs. Possible symptoms are:
- heat
- cold
- Malaise
- vomiting and diarrhea
- Voldo's hands and feet
- severe pain
- breathing quickly
- dark purple rash
Transmission of meningococcal infection
people can spread Neisseria meningitidis According to the CDC, it is transmitted to others through respiratory and throat secretions (saliva and saliva).
This means the disease can be transmitted through prolonged close or direct contact, such as coughing, sharing drinks, or kissing.
“Fortunately, they are not as contagious as the bacteria that cause colds and flu,” the CDC says. “People cannot become infected with the bacteria through casual contact or by breathing the air in an area where someone with meningococcal disease has been present.”
Is there a vaccine or treatment for meningococcal disease?
Infections can be treated with antibiotics, but prompt treatment is important.Estimation 10-15% of infected people die And survivors may suffer long-term problems such as loss of limbs, hearing loss, brain damage, and neurological problems.
There is also a vaccine against meningococcal disease.
Officials recommend that all children receive the meningococcal conjugate vaccine, which protects against the growing number of strains, by the time they enter middle school.
The CDC also recommends a booster shot at age 16, as the vaccine's protective effects wear off. “Teenagers can also be infected.” MenB vaccinePreferably between the ages of 16 and 18,” the CDC says.
Vaccination is also recommended for people at increased risk, such as those in areas with outbreaks and those with HIV infection or certain other health conditions.
-Zoe Kristen Jones and The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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