Health
Mouthwash inhibits infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is an airborne disease transmitted through aerosols, which are spread through the oral and nasal cavities (mouth and nose). In addition to the well-known viral division and spread within cells of the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 is also known to infect cells of the oral mucosa and salivary glands.
A research team led by Professor Kyoko Tobita of Hokkaido University has shown that low concentrations of cetylpyridinium chloride, an ingredient in mouthwash, have antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2.Their findings were published in the journal scientific report.
Over-the-counter mouthwashes contain many antibiotic and antiviral ingredients that work against the microorganisms in your mouth. One of these, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), is viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the mouth, primarily by disrupting the lipid membrane surrounding the virus. There are other chemicals with similar effects, but CPC has the advantage of being tasteless and odorless.
Researchers were interested in studying the effects of CPC in Japanese mouthwash. Japanese mouthwashes typically contain a fraction of CPC compared to previously tested mouthwashes. They tested the effect of CPC on cell cultures expressing the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells.
They found that 30–50 µg/mL of CPC inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and cell entry ability within 10 minutes after application. Interestingly, over-the-counter mouthwashes containing CPC were more effective than CPC alone.They also showed that saliva did not alter the effects of CPC. We tested four variants of -2 (the original alpha, beta and gamma variants) and showed that the effect of CPC was similar in all strains.
This study shows that low concentrations of CPC in commercial mouthwashes suppress the infectivity of four SARS-CoV-2 variants. The authors have already begun evaluating the effect of CPC-containing mouthwashes on salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients. Future studies will also focus on fully understanding the mechanism of effect, as low concentrations of CPC do not disrupt lipid membranes.
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Journal reference:
Ryo Takeda, and others. (2022) Antiviral effects of cetylpyridinium chloride in mouthwash against SARS-CoV-2. scientific report. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18367-6.
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