Health
New blood test can detect 50 types of cancer | Science
A new blood test that can detect more than 50 types of cancer latest Research to provide hope for early detection.
The test is based on DNA released from the tumor and found to be circulating in the blood. More specifically, we focus on chemical changes to this DNA, known as methylation patterns.
Researchers say the test can not only tell if someone has cancer, but also shed light on the type of cancer they have.
Dr. Jeffrey Oxnard of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Harvard Medical School, said the trial is currently being considered in clinical trials. “We need to use these tests in an independent group at risk of cancer to demonstrate that we can find cancer and understand what to do when we find it.” He said.
The journal wrote in the Annals of Oncology magazine and showed how tests were developed using machine learning algorithms, a type of artificial intelligence. Such a system learns to pick up patterns in the data and thus classify the data.
The team first provided the system with data on the methylation pattern of DNA in blood samples from more than 2,800 patients, after which 3,052 participants, 1,531 had cancer, and 1,521 had cancer. The unaffected data was further trained.
Using this information, the system classified the samples into groups based on methylation patterns. The team then taught the system which groups reflected which types of cancer.
“Pregnant women examine their airborne DNA for fetal abnormalities,” Oxnard said. “We know this [approach] The question, if any, is how to fine-tune and perfect this cancer-floating technology for cancer. And that’s what machine learning has done. “
Later, the team tested the trained system on another sample set from 1,264 people.
The results show that the system incorrectly identified that less than 1% of people without cancer had illness. “It’s really important not to tell patients who don’t have cancer,” Oxnard said.
Regarding identifying people with cancer, the team found that the system correctly detected the presence of the disease in more than 50 different types of cancer in 44% of the time. Screen the general population, not people known to have cancer.
The better the disease, the better the detection. Overall, cancer was detected correctly in 18% of stage I cancers, but in 93% of stage IV cancers.
The team says the results are exciting because they offer the possibility of new ways to screen for cancers that are otherwise difficult to detect. For example, the system correctly identified 63% of stage I pancreatic cancers and rose to 100% in stage IV.
The team also discovered that the system could shed light on the type of cancer. For 96% of the samples that seemed to show cancer, the test could provide a prediction of the tissue where the cancer occurred, and found that 93% of these predictions were correct.
Dr. David Crosby, Head of Early Detection at Cancer Research UK, said that early detection of cancer is important because of its low invasiveness and high potential for treatment.
The test was still in the early stages of development, but the first results were promising, he said. “And if we can fine-tune our tests to be more efficient at detecting cancer early, it could be a tool for early detection.”
But Crosby added that there was something to do. “More research is needed to improve the ability of tests to detect early stage cancer, but we need to investigate how it works in real-life cancer screening scenarios,” he said. .
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