Health
A window that opens to keep the car in the low risk zone
Over the past year, health officials have sought to curb the Covid-19 pandemic, giving researchers scientific attention to a variety of potentially dangerous environments: large numbers of people and ample opportunities for the new coronavirus to spread. I have turned to.
They wiped the surface of the cruise ship, tracked the number of cases in the gym, sampled the ventilation unit in the hospital, mapped the seating arrangement in the restaurant, and modeled the boarding procedure by plane.
They pay less attention to the car, which is another everyday environment. Of course, a typical car doesn’t carry enough people to host a traditional Superspreader event. However, cars carry their own risks. They are small, enclosed spaces that impede social distance and contain small airborne particles or aerosols that can infect coronaviruses.
“Even if you’re covering your face, you’ll get a small aerosol that’s released with each breath,” said Varghese Mathai, a physicist at the University of Massachusetts. “And if it’s a trapped hut, you’ll continue to emit these little particles, and they will naturally accumulate over time.”
In a new study, three colleagues from Matthew and Brown University – Asimanshu Das, Jeffrey Bailey And Kenneth Breuer – Computer simulation was used to map how airborne particles containing viruses flow through the vehicle. As a result of them Release Science Advances in early January suggests that opening certain windows could create airflow that could keep both passengers and drivers safe from infections like Covid-19. ..
To carry out the research, the research team adopted what is known as computational fluid dynamics simulation. Engineers typically use these types of computer simulations to model the movement of gases and liquids, for example, to create low-drag race cars and high-lift airplanes.
The team roughly simulated the car based on Toyota The Prius drives at 80km / h and employs a seating arrangement that maximizes social distance, common with a driver in front, one passenger in the back, and taxis and ride sharing on the other side.
In their first analysis, researchers found that the way air flows outside the moving car creates a pressure gradient inside the car, causing the front air pressure to be slightly lower than the rear air pressure. did. As a result, the air circulating in the car tends to flow from the rear to the front of the car.
We then modeled the internal air flow and simulated aerosol movement when the various combinations of windows were open and closed. (The air conditioning is on in all scenarios.) Not surprisingly, we found that the ventilation was the lowest when all four windows were closed. In this scenario, simulations suggest that about 8-10% of the aerosol exhaled by one of the car’s occupants can reach the other. On the other hand, when all windows were fully open, ventilation surged and the influx of fresh air washed away many of the particles in the air from the car. Only 0.2-2% of the simulated aerosol moved between the driver and passenger seat.
The results are consistent with public health guidelines that recommend opening windows to reduce the spread of coronavirus in closed spaces. “We know that it’s essentially bringing the outdoors indoors, and the risks outdoors are very low,” he says. Joseph Allen, Ventilation expert Harvard TH Chan Faculty of Public Health..In last year’s editorial, he Highlighting The danger that a car can cause a coronavirus infection, and the potential benefits of opening windows. “When the amount of air rotation is high, the residence time, or the time that the aerosol stays in the cabin, is very short,” says Allen.
Mathai and his colleagues have also modeled several other options, as it is not always practical to open all windows wide, especially in the middle of winter. They say that the most intuitive-looking solution, where the driver and passenger each roll their windows, is better than keeping all windows closed, but a better strategy is for each occupant. I noticed that I was opening the window on the other side. This configuration allows fresh air to flow in through the left rear window (or right rear in the case of Irish passengers) and out through the right front window (or left front in Ireland), providing a barrier between the driver and passengers. Helps to make.
“It’s like an air curtain,” says Matthew. “It flushes all the air released by the passengers, and it also creates a strong wind region between the driver and the passengers.”
Richard Corsi, Air quality expert Portland State University, Admire the new research. “What they did is pretty sophisticated,” he says, but warns that changing the number of passengers and driving speed in a car can affect results.
Corsi, co-author of last year’s editorial, has since developed a unique model for inhalation of coronavirus aerosols in a variety of situations. His unpublished results show that a 20-minute drive with a person releasing infectious coronavirus particles can be far more dangerous than sharing a classroom or restaurant with that person for more than an hour. It suggests that there is sex.
“The focus was on the Superspreading event,” he says. “But sometimes people miss the fact that a Superspreading event is started by an infected person who comes to the event and doesn’t fully discuss where that person was infected.”
In a follow-up study that hasn’t been published yet, Matthew seems to offer about the same benefits as opening a window halfway, but breaking only a quarter of the way it opens works. Was found to be low. Matthew states that general findings are likely to apply not only to the Prius, but also to many 4-door, 5-seater cars.
Carpooling companies should encourage this study, Matthew says. He says he sent a copy of his work to Uber and Lyft, but there was no response. –New York Times
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