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It is now possible to prevent cervical cancer

It is now possible to prevent cervical cancer

 


Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in Indian women. In 2018, 96,922 women were newly diagnosed and 60,078 died from the disease. The prevalence of cervical cancer is estimated to be in the range of 469.1 million (female population over 15 years old).

Some of these indicators are often unrecognized and ignored due to the general lack of awareness of women’s early signs and symptoms. Fortunately, the well-understood etiology of cervical cancer has made it possible to prevent cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV), which spreads through sexual contact, has been established as a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Therefore, having multiple sexual partners or engaging in sexual activity at an early age increases the risk of cervical cancer.

The involvement of specific sets of HPV genotypes in the natural history of cervical cancer has also led to prophylactic vaccines against these HPV genotypes as a preventive strategy for the disease. HPV vaccines are available for the 2-, 4-, and 9-HPV genotypes currently on the market to prevent HPV infection and reduce the risk of cervical cancer in women. However, the vaccine provides the best protection against HPV infection when given to girls by the age of 15. Identifying high-risk HPV types as etiological risk factors for cervical cancer also provides more specific tools for cervical cancer screening. HPV DNA test, existing cervical cytology (Papanicolaou smear), and visual examination using acetic acid (VIA) for early detection of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Screening tests are recommended only after age 25.

Given the positive scientific evidence of the effectiveness of these methods in the prevention and management of cervical cancer, the World Health Assembly set out in August 2020 to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health issue. We have adopted a global strategy. -By 2030, cervical cancer mortality has decreased three times. Member states include (i) 90% of 15-year-old girls who have been fully vaccinated with the HPV vaccine, (ii) 70% of women who have been screened twice by age 35 and 45, and (iii) 90%. You need to reach your goals. Women diagnosed with cervical cancer must receive appropriate treatment and care. These goals are based on modeling studies on the impact of the proposed triple intervention strategy. It also revealed that by 2120, cervical cancer mortality was reduced by 99% and 62 million lives were saved.

To prevent and manage common cancers, India currently has a national program to screen for cervical and breast cancer in women and oral cancer in men and women, in addition to other non-communicable diseases ( National Health Mission NPCDCS Program). The program also envisions support for cost-effective treatment in secondary and tertiary level healthcare. HPV vaccination is not yet part of India’s National Immune Program (UIP), but has already begun in Sikkim, Punjab and the Federal Territories of Delhi as part of the public health system. At the same time, the HPV vaccine has been available in the national folk medical system since 2008.

Therefore, recognizing ourselves, vaccination of girls aged 9 to 15 and screening for women over the age of 25 is the best way to celebrate January, the month of cervical cancer awareness. Make others aware.

article:
Professor (Doctor). Maxud Sidiki, President of the Indian Cancer Foundation,
President of Asia Pacific Cancer Prevention Organization
Former Director of the National Cancer Institute in Kolkata

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