Tech
How Google manages certificate lifecycle management
In recent years, we have seen the use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) on the web increase to over 96% of all traffic seen by a Chrome browser on Chrome OS. This represents an increase of more than 35% in just four years, as indicated in our Google transparency report. Whether you are a web developer, a business or an internet user, this is a collective achievement that makes the Internet a safer place for everyone.
The way TLS is deployed has also changed. The maximum validity of certificates for public certificates has been increased from 5 years to 2 years (CA Forum / Browser), and which will fall to 1 year in the near future. To reduce the number of failures caused by manual certificate enrollments, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group has standardized the automatic certificate management environment (ACME). ACME allows certification authorities (CA) to offer TLS certificates for the public web in an automated and interoperable manner.
As we finish this exciting tour of recent history of TLS, we would be careless if we didn't mention Encrypt – the first non-profit CA of public trust. Their focus on automation and default TLS has been the basis for this massive increase in the use of TLS. In fact, Let’s Encrypt has just released its billionth (!) Certificate. Google actively supports Let’s Encrypt because we believe the work they do to make TLS accessible is important for the security and resilience of the Internet infrastructure. Keep swinging, rags!
Simplify certificate lifecycle management for Google users
These are important advances that we are collectively making in the security community. At the same time, these efforts mean that we are moving to shorter-lived keys to improve security, which in turn requires more frequent certificate renewals. In addition, infrastructure deployments are becoming more heterogeneous. Web traffic is served from multiple data centers, often from different providers. It is therefore difficult to manually maintain the tabs on which the certificates must be renewed and to guarantee that the new certificates are deployed correctly. So what is the way to go?
With the adoption figures cited above, it is clear that TLS, Web PKI and certificate lifecycle management are fundamental to every product that we and our customers create and deploy. This is why we have gone to great lengths to enable the default TLS for our products and services, while automating certificate renewals to make certificate lifecycle management more reliable, scalable at scale. global and reliable for our customers. Our goal is simple: we want to make sure TLS works immediately, no matter which Google service you use.
To achieve this goal, we have enabled automatic TLS certificate management for Google services using an internal ACME only service, Google Trust Services. This applies to our own products and services, as well as to our customers on Alphabet and Google Cloud. Therefore, our users no longer have to worry about things like expiration of certificates, as we automatically refresh certificates for our customers. Here are some highlights from the implementation:
- All Blogger blogs, Google Sites, and Google My Business sites now get HTTPS by default for their custom domains.
- Google Cloud customers benefit from the advantages of TLS managed on their domains. Therefore:
- Developers who build with Firebase, Cloud Run and AppEngine automatically get HTTPS for their applications.
- When deploying apps with Google Kubernetes Engine or behind Google Cloud Load Balancing (GCLB), certificate management is supported if customers choose to use certificates managed by Google. It also makes using TLS with these products easy and reliable.
Performance, scalability and reliability are fundamental requirements of Google services. We have created our own public trust certification authority, Google Trust Services, to ensure that we can meet these criteria for our products and services. At the same time, we believe in the choice of users. So even if we make it easier for you to use Google Trusted Services, we have also made it possible, in all of Google's products and services, to use Let & # 39; s Encrypt. This choice can be made easily thanks to the creation of a CAA file indicating your preference.
We recognize the importance of security, privacy and reliability for you and have invested in our entire product portfolio to ensure that when it comes to TLS, you have the tools you need to deploy with confidence. In the future, we look forward to an ongoing partnership to make the Internet a safer place together.
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