Australian team probes the Southern Ocean in deep-water seismic research

Sydney –

A mission is underway to retrieve scientific data from the rugged ocean floor of the Southern Ocean, formerly known as the Antarctic Ocean, that could explain the cause of underwater earthquakes and tsunamis.

Some of the world’s deadliest underwater earthquakes erupt under the hostile waters of the Southern Ocean, but researchers don’t know why. Sophisticated noise and motion sensors could help reveal the secrets of how tectonic plates — or parts of Earth’s crust — begin to collide, a process known as subduction.

Over the past year, an array of 27 seismometers placed on the ocean floor has made up a giant telescope that points to the planet’s core. The tools are now recovered.

Professor Hrvoje Tkalić, chief scientist from the Australian National University’s Research School of Earth Sciences, hopes the study will help explain how and why earthquakes occur.

We can’t predict exactly when it will occur, and how large it will be. But we can better understand its physical mechanism and we can also better understand the structure of the Earth in that region, and this is critical for predicting the propagation of seismic waves from the supercentre of these earthquakes to any other point on the Earth’s surface, including a possible generation of tsunamis, ” Tkalči said.

Scientists hope the study will give them a better understanding of how earthquakes and tsunamis affect Australia and New Zealand, which lie within the seismically active region known as the Pacific Ring of Fire.

The expedition traverses some of the world’s deadliest underwater mountain ranges to depths of more than 3.5 miles in a remote region known as the Macquarie Ridge, midway between New Zealand and Antarctica.

The researchers say the techniques could also be applied to other oceans.

The international study is a collaboration with various Australian institutions, the University of Cambridge and the California Institute of Technology.

The three-week trip began in Wellington, New Zealand on November 10.

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