Health
The effectiveness of the COVID vaccine in Pfizer’s children declined amid the surge in Omicron
Two new studies suggest that the COVID-19 vaccine did not protect children from Omicron infections, but like adults, Shot seems to prevent serious illness.
A study by Pfizer BioNTech, which produces the only COVID-19 vaccine approved for use by minors, found that Shot was approximately 90% effective against infection. However, these studies were conducted early in the pandemic, before the outbreak of Omicron.
Two new studies track the December and January infections that Omicron was sweeping across the country and provide the first real-world evidence of its effectiveness against coronavirus variants.
of One study released on Tuesday Two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided strong protection (74% to 94%) for elderly adolescents’ visits to the emergency department. However, the vaccine was not particularly effective in preventing them from becoming infected with COVID-19, and was less effective after firing.
A follow-up study of serious infections in healthy children in 10 states from April to January 2021 increased the likelihood that teenagers would be hospitalized during the delta outbreak last fall. However, children aged 5 to 11 years are more likely to be hospitalized during Omicron.
Studies show that protection was significantly reduced after 6 months, but efficacy was restored with boosted immunization approved for older adolescents.
In A second study published from New York on Monday, Researchers looked at data from more than 1.2 million vaccinated children between the ages of 5 and 17.
Vaccination prevented 76% of infections within 2 weeks of complete vaccination between the ages of 12 and 17, but only 56% of infections 1 month after vaccination. In children aged 5 to 11 years, the defense against mild illness decreased from 65% to 12% by one month after vaccination, according to the study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed.
Through a pandemic, older people are more susceptible to more severe COVID-19 infections than children, and the risk is roughly reduced with age. not yet, 114,000 children were hospitalized with COVID-19 In the United States during a pandemic A little less than 1,000 children over 5 years old I’m dead.
Dr. Eric Rubin, an infectious disease, said that the number of vaccinated children hospitalized in New York from mid-December to January during the study period was too small and the vaccine’s effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and death. He said he could not reach a firm conclusion. Harvard TH Chan Graduate School of Public Health Specialist and Editor-in-Chief of The New England Journal of Medicine.
“I strongly suspect that the vaccine may help prevent serious illness in these children if the sample size is large enough,” he joined the Food and Drug Administration’s expert advisory board. Rubin said. “This study is in line with that idea.”
The vaccine is only allowed for children over 5 years old. A study of children aged 2 to 4 years showed that two injections were ineffective in preventing infection. Last month, federal officials postponed consideration of a vaccine for the youngest child, hoping that data from the third dose would make the vaccine more convincing.
Booster shots look very safe, According to another study published by the CDC on TuesdayThis showed that side effects aged 12 to 17 years were less severe and less persistent on the third dose than on the second dose.
Children 12 years and older receive the same 30 micrograms of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine as adults, children 5-11 years receive a dose of 10 micrograms, and the youngest child is tested at a dose of 3 micrograms. .. According to experts, higher doses may be more effective, but Pfizer-BioNTech was done at lower doses to reduce side effects, including fever.
According to experts, a third dose may better protect the child from Omicron, regardless of dose. Studies in adults have shown that two doses appear to prevent the most serious illness, but a third injection significantly enhances protection against mutations.
Dr. Cody Meissner, who heads the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Tufts Children’s Hospital in Boston, said a study in New York would make it difficult for parents to decide whether to vaccinate their children with COVID-19.
He said the risk of severe illness is already very low in children, especially young children, so it is unlikely that they will benefit from the shot.
Still, vaccination probably makes sense if the child has a weakened immune system, lives with older or vulnerable relatives, or lives in an area with a high COVID-19 infection rate. He said.
“Each parent has to decide for himself whether he or she wants to vaccinate his or her child,” says Meissner. “It is very unlikely that a perfectly healthy child will be hospitalized with COVID-19. That does not mean zero, but you need to think carefully about what is in the best interests for your child.”
Dr. Ofer Levy, director of the Boston Children’s Hospital Precision Vaccination Program, said he believes the federal government’s recommendation to vaccinate all eligible children still makes sense. He said his own three children received their shots.
However, a New York study shows that the age of the child is important, as are the variants, doses, and frequency of doses, he said.
Dr. Paul Offit, who heads the Vaccine Education Center at the Philadelphia Children’s Hospital, said he was not surprised or worried about the results. Vaccines are always aimed at preventing severe illnesses rather than mild illnesses, and studies in adults have shown that “Omicron evades immunity.”
Ofit, who also participates in the FDA advisory board, said the New York study found that hospitalized vaccinated children needed care for COVID-19, or that a mild infection was once detected. He said it wasn’t “fine-grained” enough to know if it was just. It was accepted.
The bottom line is that vaccines help protect children, if not as much as people want, Rubin said.
“It’s a shame that at least two doses of the vaccine don’t last that long, but it’s still better than nothing,” Rubin said. “There is a real benefit. It’s perfectly measurable, and the risk seems to be very low.”
Contact Weintraub at [email protected].
Health and patient safety coverage at USA TODAY was partially made possible by grants from the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare. The Masimo Foundation does not provide editorial input.
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