What is monkeypox? How can I stay safe during an epidemic?

“We are ready for the next level in dealing with this virus and urge all Americans to take this virus seriously and take responsibility,” said U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra. I urge you to take it and tackle this virus.” He said.

Lesions are usually concentrated on the arms and legs, but in this outbreak they appear more frequently around the genitals and anus.

“Classically, like many other viral diseases, it presents with what is called a viral prodrome, and symptoms such as fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and muscle aches are common. Within five days of onset, patients develop a rash—like a pimple or a blister,” says Jason Zucker, M.D., an infectious disease specialist at New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center. .

How is monkeypox spread?

Monkeypox is transmitted through close contact, According to the CDCThis includes direct physical contact with lesions, “respiratory secretions” shared through face-to-face interaction, and touching objects contaminated with monkeypox lesions or fluids. will be The virus can also pass to the fetus through the placenta.

Many of the outbreak cases appear to be related to sexual contact, often during sex.of According to the CDC Research is ongoing into whether monkeypox spreads through semen or vaginal fluids, or whether the virus can spread asymptomatically.

Who is at Risk for Monkeypox?

People who have been in contact with someone who has a monkeypox-like rash or who have been in contact with a probable or confirmed case of monkeypox are at increased risk of infection.

However, there have been a number of cases in this outbreak. Men who have sex with men, including gay and bisexual men And public health officials are focusing their prevention efforts on this group.the virus is not specific to this communitybut its close contact spread nature has had a disproportionate impact.

“The vast majority of people diagnosed with the human monkeypox virus to date are self-identifying men who have sex with men,” Zucker said.

“This is likely due to shared sexual networks, which means that what we’re seeing is that they’re the first to see it and experience the vast majority of cases. As with any disease, there’s no reason it can’t be spread sexually or in other close contacts,” he said.

According to the CDC, those at increased risk during this outbreak include those who “have had skin-to-skin contact with someone on a social network experiencing monkeypox activity.” This includes men who have sex with men who meet their partners online, on apps, or at social events.

People with conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV or eczema, and children under the age of 8 may also be at increased risk of becoming seriously ill if infected. According to the CDC.

What should I do if I have monkeypox symptoms?

If you notice a new rash or other monkeypox symptoms, avoid close contact with other people until you see a doctor and get tested.

“When you meet your healthcare provider, wear a mask and remind them that the virus is circulating in the area.” CDC says.

If you are diagnosed with monkeypox, the agency recommends that you isolate yourself at home and stay away from your family until the rash and lesions are gone.

How is monkeypox treated?

According to the CDC, there is no approved treatment specific for monkeypox. However, due to its genetic similarity to smallpox, doctors can use similar treatments, such as antiviral drugs.

CDC Tecovirimat, an antiviral drug also known as Tpoxx, It is available for monkeypox patients who are at risk of severe disease. This may include people whose infection has progressed to a severe stage or who have a weakened immune system. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases also published his Tpoxx study as a treatment for monkeypox.

Treatment of monkeypox should also include efforts to manage symptoms and complications. According to the World Health Organization.

Is there a monkeypox vaccine?

There are two vaccines to prevent monkeypox in the United States, but not everyone can get them.

The United States has an “adequate supply” of the smallpox vaccine ACAM2000, which can also be used to prevent monkeypox. However, it should not be used by people with certain health conditions. According to the CDC.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said in late June that “100 million doses of ACAM2000 have been administered,” but the side effects were “in my opinion as a public health official, It wouldn’t be worth it,” he said. widely to the general public. ”

Another vaccine, Jynneos, is dedicated to monkeypox but is in short supply. Federal stockpiles are distributed to local governments based on the number of at-risk cases and population in a particular area.

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Over 600,000 Jinneos It is being distributed from the Strategic National Stockpile, with another 150,000 doses expected to arrive in September. The CDC estimates that at least 1.5 million people in the United States are eligible for monkeypox vaccination.

The federal government has proposed changing the way vaccines are physically administered. Current supply may expand further.

Jynneos is a two-dose vaccine, given four weeks apart. However, given the shortage some experts We are seeking a single-dose regimen until supplies improve.

According to the CDC, monkeypox vaccination can be used as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and outbreak response PEP (PEP++).

PrEP refers to vaccinations given to members of high-risk communities, such as laboratories and health care workers, prior to exposure to the virus.

PEP means vaccinating people after known exposure to prevent disease or alleviate symptoms. For prevention, CDC recommends vaccination within 4 days of exposure. After 4 to 14 days of exposure he may become mildly ill if he is given PEP.

PEP++ is CDC’s approach to people who have no known exposure to the virus but who have risk factors that increase their chances of contracting the virus.

“When used in combination with self-isolation and other precautions when symptoms first occur, PEP++ may help slow the spread of the disease in areas with high numbers of monkeypox cases.” said the CDC.

Can I be vaccinated?

Demand for monkeypox vaccine is high, but supply shortages and eligibility restrictions can make it difficult to find at this time.

Vaccine eligibility remains somewhat stringent.

Anyone who has been in contact with a monkeypox patient is eligible to be vaccinated. In addition, a probable contact who had a sex partner diagnosed with monkeypox in the previous 14 days, a person who had multiple sex partners in the previous 14 days in an area where monkeypox is endemic, and a probable monkeypox infection. It also applies to those who are engaged in sexually active occupations. CDC.

If you believe you meet any of these criteria and would like to know more about your eligibility, please contact your doctor or local health department.

How can I keep myself safe?

Recommended by CDC Avoid close contact and shared items with monkeypox patients. Frequent hand washing is also recommended.

At social occasions such as parties, raves, clubs and festivals, CDC says Stick to the event wearing more clothing that may cause less skin-to-skin contact.

Avoid sex and close physical intimacy if the person involved has monkeypox.of Recommended by CDC In particular, avoid touching any rashes that may be on your partner’s body. To prevent the spread of monkeypox during sex, keeping a distance of 6 feet, keeping your clothes on during sex, and using condoms and gloves can reduce your potential exposure.

“However, because rashes can occur on other parts of the body, condoms alone may not prevent all exposure to monkeypox,” the CDC says.

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