Colorectal Surgery: What You Need to Know

1. What is the purpose of colon surgery?

The purpose of colorectal surgery is to treat a variety of conditions affecting the colon, rectum, and anus, including colon cancer, rectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, and hemorrhoids. The aim is to relieve symptoms and restore normal bowel function.

2. What types of colon surgery are available?

The specific type of surgery performed depends on the patient’s illness or condition and the goals of treatment. Colon surgery is generally he divided into two methods. There are open method and laparoscopic method. Any of these methods can be used to surgically remove the affected portion of the colon (colectomy). For example, a right hemicolectomy removes the right side of the colon, while a left hemicolectomy removes the left side of the colon.

Another type of colorectal surgery is colostomy. This is a surgical procedure in which an opening (stoma) is made in the abdominal wall through which the end of the colon is exposed, either temporarily or permanently. This is to ensure that stool is expelled through the stoma (opening) instead of the anus under certain conditions. Other surgical examples include simpler operations for benign conditions such as polypectomy (removing polyps) and hemorrhoidectomy (surgical removal of hemorrhoids).

3. What are the common risks associated with colorectal surgery? What are some common complications that can occur after colorectal surgery?

As with any surgical procedure, colorectal surgery is associated with risks and complications, including:

· Infection at or around the surgical site. It may be confined to that area or may spread throughout the body (sepsis).

· Bleeding during or after surgery. A blood transfusion or additional surgery may be required.

· Anesthesia risks such as allergic reactions, breathing problems, heart-related problems.

· Blood clots that form in the legs or lungs after surgery.

· Postoperative intestinal retention that can lead to the development of partial or complete intestinal obstruction causing abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation.

· Other less common complications include injury to other nearby organs (such as the bladder) during surgery and bowel leaks that occur when the bowel does not heal properly after surgery. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the risks and benefits of surgery with your surgeon before undergoing surgery.

4. What is the difference between laparoscopic and open surgery?

Laparoscopic surgery and open surgery are two different methods used in colorectal surgery. Laparotomy is a traditional surgical method in which an incision is made in the abdomen to access the colon or rectum. This is the method traditionally performed by surgeons for many years, even before the advancement of laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery, on the other hand, is a minimally invasive procedure in which several small incisions (keyhole size) are made in the abdominal wall. Special instruments are then inserted through these incisions to perform surgery while the surgeon watches the procedure on a monitor.

There are some differences between these two techniques. Laparoscopic surgery generally results in less postoperative pain, less bleeding, less scarring, and faster recovery time than open surgery.

Certain postoperative complications such as wound infections and incisional hernias may also be reduced. However, laparoscopic surgery is not feasible in all cases and has proven difficult in patients who are severely obese, who have had previous abdominal surgery, or who suffer from extensive disease. increase.

Overall, the choice of surgical technique depends on various factors such as patient condition, extent of disease, and surgeon preference. Before undergoing surgery, it is important to discuss the benefits and risks of each approach with your surgeon.

5. What steps should I take to prepare for colorectal surgery?

Preparing for colorectal surgery can help make the surgery go as smoothly as possible and help you recover faster. Procedures that can be performed in preparation for surgery include the following:

Stop taking certain medicines. A few days before surgery, you may need to stop taking certain drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel. This is because these drugs can increase the risk of bleeding.

Follow a special diet. Surgeons recommend a special diet before surgery. This may include drinking a special solution to cleanse your bowels.

quit smoking: It is important to quit smoking before surgery. Smoking can increase the risk of complications during and after surgery.

Get physically active: This will speed up recovery after surgery. Regular breathing exercises are also recommended.

6. What type of anesthesia is used for colorectal surgery?

There are several types of anesthesia. These are general anesthesia, local anesthesia, and local anesthesia. General anesthesia is the most common type of anesthesia used for colorectal surgery. This includes giving intravenous drugs and inhaling gases to keep the patient unconscious and in pain during surgery. This allows the surgeon to operate without causing movement or discomfort to the patient.

Local anesthesia involves injecting an anesthetic near the nerves that supply the surgical site to block pain sensations in that area. Local anesthesia involves injecting a local anesthetic directly into the surgical site. Both local and local anesthesia may be used for less severe colorectal procedures or as an adjunct to general anesthesia. The choice of anesthesia depends on many factors, including the patient’s medical history and the type and extent of surgery. Anesthesiologists and surgeons determine the type of anesthesia that is best for each patient.

7. How long does colorectal surgery usually take?

How long surgery takes depends on factors such as the type of surgery being performed, the type of surgery (open or laparoscopic), and the experience of the surgeon. For example, open colorectal surgery may take about 2-3 hours, while the same procedure with laparoscopic surgery may take him 1-2 hours longer. The duration of surgery also depends on the severity and complexity of the disease. However, it is important to note that operative time is not the primary concern. The focus should be on performing the surgery safely and effectively, taking the time necessary to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

8. What are the long-term effects of colorectal surgery?

Certain types of surgery that remove all or part of the large intestine can have long-term effects on the body. This depends on the individual, the extent of surgery, and the underlying disease being treated. Potential impacts include:

Changes in bowel habits: Some patients may experience changes in bowel function such as diarrhea and incontinence. These changes may be temporary or permanent and can be managed with dietary modifications, medications, and bowel training.

Adhesion formation: Adhesions can form at the surgical site, which can cause some organs to “glue” together or cause a colonic obstruction. This can lead to abdominal pain and bloating, which may require further surgery to correct.

Risk of recurrence: Diseases such as colon cancer can recur. Regular follow-up is necessary to detect and treat possible recurrences.

Spiritual Happiness: Colorectal surgery can be a significant life event that can affect a person’s mental health. Coping with the emotional and psychological effects of surgery requires support from family and friends.

It is important to note that the majority of people who undergo colorectal surgery are successful and return to normal activity within weeks or months after surgery.

9. What is the recovery time for colorectal surgery?

Recovery time depends on several factors, including the type and extent of surgery, the patient’s overall health, and complications that may occur during or after surgery. Patients are generally expected to stay in the hospital for several days after surgery, during which they are closely monitored for signs of complications.

After discharge, it may take weeks or months for the patient to fully recover, depending on the complexity of the surgery and the individual’s health. During the recovery period, patients should take their medications as prescribed and engage in moderate cardiovascular exercise.

Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise, as this can put undue stress on the surgical scar and slow the healing process. Overall, recovery times for colorectal surgery can vary widely, so patients should discuss their situation with their surgeons for more specific information and guidance.

Diagnosis and treatment

In conclusion, common colon and rectal diseases may require different preventive measures and treatments. In addition, if a patient develops any symptoms, it is important to seek immediate medical attention and treatment.

Learn more about Sri Kota Specialist Medical Center (SKSMC) and available treatment options below. https://www.srikotamedical.com/

Dr. Ahmad Mushin
SKSMC Consultant General Surgeon

This content is provided by Sri Kota Specialist Medical Center