Health
New cases of H5N1 avian influenza
This transcript has been edited for clarity.
We now have outbreaks in multiple states. influenza H5N1 avian influenza has been reported in dairy cows and other animals. The USDA has confirmed outbreaks in more than 130 dairy and alpaca herds in 12 states. The CDC has confirmed cases of avian influenza in three dairy workers.
The first case, which occurred on April 1, 2024, was the first confirmed case of cow-to-human transmission of avian influenza virus in the United States and the world, and the second recorded human case of avian influenza in the United States. The first case in the United States was a poultry worker in Colorado in 2022. The main complaints of the first two patients in this outbreak were: conjunctivitisThe third patient showed more typical flu symptoms, including a cough. All three patients had direct contact with infected cows. Fourth case of H5N1 avian influenzaAn infection linked to spread among dairy cows was identified in Colorado, where the patient reported only eye symptoms.
Over the past 27 years, there have been over 900 sporadic cases of avian influenza reported worldwide, 52% of which have been fatal. The CDC urges people to avoid contact with sick or dead animals, and recommends wearing appropriate personal protective equipment if work involves contact with infected or potentially infected animals.
A few questions arise: Is our milk safe? The FDA says yes. PCR tests on milk samples have found genetic pieces of the virus, but it is not infectious. Pasteurization appears to be effective at killing this virus. This confirms the safety of commercially pasteurized milk, but not raw milk. Therefore, raw milk and products made from it should be avoided.
What about beef? The USDA says our meat supply is safe. Still, testing continues, and on Friday, May 24, PCR tests showed avian flu in the muscle of a second discarded cow. But the results of the USDA's ground beef cooking study were reassuring. In the study, large ground beef patties were injected with high concentrations of the virus. The patties were then cooked at different temperatures: 145° F (medium) and 160° F (well done). No virus was present in the burgers cooked at either temperature. The bottom line is that you should handle raw meat with care and cook meat to a safe internal temperature. Steak tartare is a no-no.
The good news is that currently available flu test kits can detect H5 but cannot distinguish it from avian flu. Seasonal influenzaCurrent influenza antiviral drugs appear to be effective at this, and if a new dedicated vaccine were to be needed, there are already two vaccine candidate viruses that show good cross-reactivity.
The CDC says the risk to the general public is low, at least for now. But the CDC remains vigilant and is asking our health care partners to help educate doctors. Patients who have conjunctivitis or other respiratory illnesses after related exposure should consider the possibility of avian flu. If this H5N1 virus starts to mix with seasonal flu viruses, that's when things get really bad. So get your seasonal flu vaccine in the fall.
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Sources 2/ https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/be-alert-conjunctivitis-new-human-cases-h5n1-bird-flu-2024a1000cna The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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