Health
Is a syphilis vaccine on the horizon?
Researchers have gained new insights into the syphilis genome that could aid in vaccine design.
With syphilis cases at their highest in 70 years, public health officials are seeking new ways to stop the spread of the disease. An international collaboration is currently underway to explore the genomic diversity of the syphilis bacterium and discover universal proteins that could be used as vaccine targets.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria. Treponema pale subspecies Pallidus (TPA) Syphilis emerged in Europe about 500 years ago, and the number of cases declined after effective treatment with injectable penicillin became available in the 1950s. However, syphilis has recently made an unwelcome resurgence. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Georgia, USA) There were 207,255 cases in the United States in 2022, the highest since the 1950s.
Symptoms often go unnoticed, allowing the disease to progress for years without treatment and making the infection easily spread. Developing a vaccine for syphilis would be an effective way to curb the spread of infection, but little research has been done to evaluate TPA for syphilis vaccine development.
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To solve this, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (North Carolina, USA) performed TPA whole-genome sequencing on samples from syphilis patients from four countries: Colombia, China, Malawi, and the United States.
The researchers analyzed the data, compared it to publicly available data, and mapped the mutations onto 3D models of the bacteria's proteins. They found that, although the syphilis bacteria varies from continent to continent, there are enough similarities to find targets for an effective global vaccine.
The team is now working to develop a syphilis vaccine. “This study highlights the power of collaboration,” said co-lead author Juan Salazar.University of Connecticut School of Medicine“Our work here is not just about addressing a local health issue; it's about contributing to a global solution to a disease that continues to affect millions of people around the world.”
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