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New Antibody Pairs Could Defeat All SARS-COV-2 Variants

New Antibody Pairs Could Defeat All SARS-COV-2 Variants

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The Stanford-led team has discovered two antibodies that they can work with to defeat all SARS-COV-2 variants. Although more research is needed, this approach could help develop treatments to respond to evolving viruses.

The virus that causes Covid-19 is very good at mutating to keep people infected. Most antibody treatments that have occurred during the pandemic are no longer effective. A team, led by Stanford University researchers, may have found ways to anchor the ever-evolving virus and develop long-term treatments.

Researchers have discovered a way to use two antibodies. One acts as another antibody that attaches to areas of the virus that are less altered and inhibits the virus' ability to infect cells. This antibody pairing was shown to be effective against the first SARS-COV-2 virus that caused the pandemic and all its variants through omicron in laboratory testing. Findings are detailed in the journal Science translation medicine.

In the face of constantly changing viruses, we have designed a new generation of therapeutics that are capable of being resistant to the evolution of the virus.

Research senior author Christopher O. Burns, assistant professor of biology at the humanities sciences at Stanford University, and scholar of Stanford Sarafan Chem H.

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A team led by doctoral candidate Barnes at Stanford School of Medicine and first author Adonis Rubio conducted the study using donated antibodies from patients recovering from Covid-19. When analysing how these antibodies interacted with the virus, we found that they adhered to regions of the virus that did not mutate frequently.

This region within the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) was overlooked because it was not directly useful for treatment. However, once certain antibodies adhere to this area, they remain stuck to the virus. This is useful when designing new therapies that allow another type of antibody to acquire a scaffold and attach to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus, essentially blocking the virus from binding to receptors in human cells.

The researchers designed a series of these dual or “replica” antibodies called COV2-BIRN, and laboratory tests showed high neutralization of all mutants of SARS-COV-2, known to cause human disease. Antibodies have also decreased significantly Virus volume In the lungs of mice exposed to one version of the Omicron variant.

More studies, including clinical trials, should make this discovery before it can be used as a treatment for human patients, but the approach is promising, not just the virus that causes Covid-19.

Next, researchers work on designing bispical antibodies that are effective against all coronaviruses. This is a family of viruses that contain the virus family that causes colds, MERS, and COVID-19. The authors said this approach could also be effective against influenza and HIV.

“The virus is constantly evolving and maintains its ability to infect the population,” Burns said. “To counter this, the antibodies we develop must also continue to evolve.

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Journal Reference:

Rubio, aa, et al. (2025) Bispecific antibodies targeting the N-terminus and receptor-binding domains strongly neutralize the SARS-COV-2 variant of concern. Science Translation Medicine. doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.adq5720.

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