Health
Inhalers filled with llama antibodies can save Covid-19 patients
An asthma-style inhaler with antibodies taken from llamas can be used to fight the coronavirus.
Researchers have found that llamas produce powerful antibodies that are far more effective than their human counterparts in fighting the coronavirus.
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health, known as “Nanobodies” because of their small size, have isolated them from a single llama named Cormac.
Early indicators show that they are effective in the form of aerosols and are given to humans as either nasal sprays or inhalers commonly used to help asthma.
Professor David Brody, a senior author of research on Nanobodies, said: “We hope that these anti-Covid-19 Nanobodies are extremely effective and versatile in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic.”
Nanobodies are naturally produced by the immune system of animals such as camels, llamas and alpaca.
On average, proteins weigh about one-tenth the weight of most human antibodies and are inexpensive and easy to operate.
Earlier this year Scientists have discovered that Nanobodies bind tightly to the spike protein of the Sars-CoV-2 virus., Blocks it from entering human cells and stops the infection.
In a study published in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, the team also confirmed that Nanobodies bind to spike proteins in a new way that is different from other antibodies already discovered.
James Naismith, director of the Rosalind Franklin Institute and professor of structural biology at Oxford University, said:
“We have shown that one of the Nanobodies can be combined with a human antibody, and that combination is even more potent than either one.
“The combination is especially useful because the virus needs to change multiple things at the same time to escape. This is very difficult for the virus.
“Nanobodies have potential as powerful diagnostics.”
Professor Ray Owens of Oxford University, who heads the Nanobody Program at Franklin, said researchers hope they can push the breakthrough to preclinical trials.
Diamond Light Sources and Professor David Stuart of Oxford University said:
In the case of Cormac, scientists injected a “pseudovirus” into the llama and started producing the immune system and antibodies.
Researchers in Maryland have found that low-level NIH-CoVnb-112 Nanobodies prevented the modified pseudovirus from infecting these cells in Petri dishes.
It was also effective when sprayed through the type of nebulizer or inhaler used to treat asthma patients.
Professor Brody said: “One of the exciting things about Nanobodies is that, unlike most regular antibodies, they can be aerosolized and inhaled to cover the lungs and airways.”
Neuroscientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Maryland Science report..
Esparza said: “There is more work in front of us, but these results represent a promising first step.”
More : Inhaling chicken antibodies can protect us from Covid-19
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