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Blood Vessel Damage and Inflammation: How COVID-19 Affects the Human Brain

Blood Vessel Damage and Inflammation: How COVID-19 Affects the Human Brain

 


The results of a study of 19 dead COVID-19 patients in the Toronto-US suggest that people with SARS-CoV-2 infection may be vulnerable to brain injury.

Scientists at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducted a detailed examination of brain tissue samples from 19 coronavirus patients who died between March and July 2020.

Scientists say they found brain damage caused by thinning and leakage of cerebral blood vessels after examining samples of brain tissue.The results were published in a letter to New England Journal of Medicine..

“We found that the brains of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be susceptible to microvessel damage. Our results show that this is caused by the body’s inflammatory response to the virus. It suggests that there is a possibility, “said Dr. Abindra Nath, clinical director of NINDS, in a statement. “We hope that these results will help physicians understand the full range of problems that patients may suffer and come up with better treatments.”

Despite the damage found in brain tissue samples, researchers did not find any signs of SARS-CoV-2 in those tissues. This suggests that the damage was not caused by a direct viral attack on the brain.

“We were completely surprised. Initially, we expected damage from lack of oxygen. Instead, we saw multiple areas of injury, usually associated with stroke and neuroinflammatory disease.” Nath said.

Researchers initially used a special high-power MRI scanner to examine each patient’s brain tissue sample, which was 4 to 10 times more sensitive than those used in most hospitals. The olfactory bulb and brainstem are areas that are considered to be highly susceptible to COVID-19. The olfactory bulb controls our scent sensation, and the brainstem controls our breathing and heart rate.

According to a NINDS press release, scans have revealed that both areas are “rich in bright spots called high signals, which often indicate inflammation, and dark spots, called low intensity, which indicate bleeding.” It was.

After examining the spots in more detail under a microscope, researchers were able to see thin leaking blood vessels and inflammation.

“So far, our results suggest that the damage we saw may not have been due to a direct infection of the brain with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.” Nath said. “In the future, we plan to study how COVID-19 harms blood vessels in the brain and whether it causes some of the short-term and long-term symptoms seen in patients.”

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