Health
What you need to know about tick-borne diseases
Keep an eye out for the smaller deer ticks that come with warmer spring weather and carry more. lyme disease.
They also transmit potentially serious diseases similar to malaria. Babesiosis The disease has spread significantly across the Northeast and Midwest, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
For example, babesiosis cases increased by 1,602% in Vermont and 1,422% in Maine from 2011 to 2019.
That's not all. Deer ticks increasingly carry the following infectious diseases: Poisant virus, CDC says As a result, from 2004 to 2022, 267 people were hospitalized and 36 people died. In fact, 10% of severe cases of this disease are fatal.
With deer ticks emerging as a larval, almost invisible stage (think about the size of a poppy seed), Northeastern University tick scientists say it's more important than ever for humans to prevent ticks. states that it is important. understand all diseases Infectious diseases carried by arthropods and how to prevent them.
What is babesiosis?
“The weather is warming. Deer ticks are coming out of fallen leaves. And they're hungry for a blood meal,” he says. Constantine Takacusassistant professor of biology at Northeastern University.
Many people are familiar with Lyme disease, which is transmitted through the bite of a deer tick that carries a type of bacteria called Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes a rash, flu-like symptoms, and muscle pain. etc. may cause.
Few people know about babesiosis. CDC investigation Significant increases occurred across New England, but smaller increases were observed in New Jersey and New York. In the Upper Midwest, cases also spike during the hot summer months.
Like Lyme, babesiosis is transmitted through the bite of the black-footed deer tick.
But unlike Lyme disease, babesiosis is caused by the parasite Babesia microti, which infects red blood cells, says Takacus, who studies Borrelia burgdorferi in his lab at Northeastern University.
“It's distantly related to the malaria parasite,” Takacus says.
Not all people with babesiosis have symptoms, but symptoms may appear in: Fever, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, chills, sweating.
According to the CDC, older adults, people with weakened immune systems, and people without spleens are at higher risk of developing severe and potentially fatal cases, including kidney failure, low platelet counts, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is said to be the highest.
Lyme disease is treated with the antibiotic doxycycline, while treatment for babesiosis includes a combination of antibiotics, such as azithromycin and atovaquone.
What is Poissant?
Powassan virus is exactly what it sounds like, Takacs said.
It is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is closely related to the mosquito-borne diseases dengue fever, Zika virus, yellow fever and West Nile virus, Takacus said.
The CDC says infections are on the rise, but the numbers are low. 2023 44 items — compared to Lyme disease, which is presumed to be contagious. tens of thousands number of people each year. Powassan cases were reported in 11 states, including six New England states, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Initial symptoms of Powassan appear one week to a month after the tick bite and include fever, headache, vomiting, and weakness, but in more severe cases, it can cause encephalitis or meningitis. says the CDC.
Federal health agencies say about half of those who survive severe cases of Powassan have long-term health problems such as headaches and memory problems.
There is no cure. Treatment consists of rest, hydration, and in severe cases, intravenous fluids.
How do ticks transmit so many different pathogens?
Bacteria, parasites, viruses — how can one tiny tick carry so many different pathogens?
“The main reason is that they feed on blood. It's easy for them to pick up anything bloodborne from the host animal,” Takacus says.
“And if those microbes can survive inside the tick until the next feeding, all of a sudden an infection occurs.”
Like mosquitoes, he says, ticks pierce the surface of the skin and suck blood.
“All animals have evolved to protect themselves externally. But when pathogens enter the bloodstream, our defenses are weakened. Spreading through the blood is better than spreading through solid tissue. It's more efficient than spreading it out.”
Prevention of tick-borne diseases
The CDC advises caution when traveling to areas where tick-borne diseases are common and to wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants whenever possible.
of Federal health agencies have issued instructions Learn how to spray your clothing with a product containing 0.5% permethrin, an insecticide, and how to perform a tick check.
Because ticks live in grassy, ​​grassy, ​​and wooded areas, the CDC recommends staying in the center of trails and showering immediately after going outdoors.
If you become ill, talk to your health care provider about ordering the appropriate tests to determine if you have a tick-borne illness.
Blood tests for Lyme disease, babesiosis, and Powassan are available, but results take time, so medical professionals often prescribe treatment based on clinical judgment.
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