Northwestern scientists answer questions about how COVID-19 affects the brain

Oregon and Washington scientists may have solved one of the underlying mysteries of some of the more mysterious symptoms of COVID-19. They have shown that small pieces of coronavirus can invade the brain in the same way as HIV victims.

this Discovery Some people with COVID-19 may help explain why brain fog and malaise, among other symptoms associated with the central nervous system, persist.

When magnified, the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) looks like a ball with small pointed nodes across its surface. These spikes are made up of proteins often called “S1 proteins” after one of the key components of spikes to grab human cells. This is the first step that the coronavirus takes to utilize healthy cells to make a copy of itself and spread throughout the body.

Researchers from University of Washington School of Medicine And Oregon Health & Science University Laboratory mice were used to test whether these S1 proteins actually crossed the brain itself from the bloodstream.

“Everything in the brain, including blood vessels, is special. They have been specially modified to keep things away from the brain,” says Bilbanks of UW Medicine. “Occasionally, there are things like viruses, bacteria, and parasites that can trick the blood-brain barrier into finding ways to invade.”

From their previous studies, scientists knew that proteins associated with the HIV virus could do this, and now they first said that the coronavirus S1 protein could do the same. Shown in.

“A viral protein can invade. This means that if a viral protein invades, it probably causes a problem, and it also means that the virus can invade a well.” He said.

Researchers have also found that the S1 protein enters the brain about 10 times faster through the blood than it does through the olfactory nerves of the nose.

This new understanding of how the coronavirus works provides insight into why some people experience brain-related symptoms after being infected.

“This study suggests that mouse S1 can reliably enter the brain and cause immune-related problems, inflammation,” said Jaco Braver, a neuroscientist at OHSU. “When you know how it works, it’s important to know because you can start trying to treat it.”

With neurologist Jennifer Frontera NYU School of MedicineNot involved in the study says there is now a lot of interest in understanding how COVID-19 affects the brain. Focusing on how the S1 protein works, we only answer those questions.

“I think most people are interested in what the actual virus could do if it crosses the blood-brain barrier,” she said.

Frontera says it is too early to attribute the long-term neurological symptoms of COVID-19 to the presence of coronavirus or its S1 protein in the brain.

However, if the author’s reasoning is correct and spike proteins can cause inflammation in the brain, some of what doctors see in patients begin to make sense.

“When the brain is inflamed, we think about the short-term and long-term effects,” said Labor of OHSU. “We are concerned that the S1 protein in the brain can have long-term consequences and therefore chronic effects.”

The study was also able to provide a possible genetic explanation for why men and women experience different susceptibility to coronavirus. According to Labor, the next step is to find out if men who are experiencing more severe symptoms of COVID-19 as a group are more likely to experience the neurological effects of the disease.

The study was published in the journal this month Nature Neuroscience..

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