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Study finds DNA signatures of ancient viruses may help fight cancer | Cancer Research

Study finds DNA signatures of ancient viruses may help fight cancer | Cancer Research

 


Remnants of ancient viruses that have been in our DNA for thousands, even millions of years, may help fight cancer, a study has found.

Studying lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, scientists at the Francis Crick Institute understand why some patients respond better to immunotherapy than others. rice field.

Through their research Published in Nature this week, they found that dormant remnants of old cells can be activated by cancer cells. They found that this could inadvertently help the immune system target and attack tumors.

Scientists say the “entrancing” discovery could help more people survive lung cancer by enhancing or even preventing cancer treatment.

Julian Downward, Associate Research Director and Director of the Cancer Gene Biology Laboratory at the Institute, said:

By observing immune cell activity in lung cancer mice and human lung cancer tumor samples, the researchers found that antibody-producing white blood cells called B cells contribute to the immune response against lung cancer by producing tumor-binding antibodies. I discovered that

When they looked at the targets of this response, they found that antibodies form about 5% of the human genome and were inherited from our historical infections, ancient viruses known as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). found to recognize proteins expressed by viral DNA. ancestor.

In most healthy tissues, these viral genes are silenced, but can be awakened in cancer.

“We now know that B-cell proliferative regions can help predict a positive response to checkpoint inhibition,” said Downward. “More research will allow him to boost B-cell activity in a targeted manner to patients who are less likely to respond.”

George Cassiotis, head of the Institute’s Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, said: Treating illness today.

“Further research could lead to the development of cancer therapeutic vaccines composed of activated ERV genes that would stimulate the production of antibodies at the cancer site in patients and hopefully improve the outcome of immunotherapy treatment. can.”

This study was part of the TracerX research funded by. cancer Research UK, which is tracking lung cancer, showed earlier this week the “almost infinite” evolutionary power of cancer.

The charity’s Dr. Claire Bromley said more research was needed to develop a cancer vaccine, but said, “Nevertheless, this research is a promising step forward for the day this revolutionary approach to cancer treatment becomes a reality.” It adds to the growing number of studies that we are seeing.”

Sources

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2/ https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/apr/15/dna-traces-of-ancient-viruses-may-help-fight-cancer-study-finds

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