Health
Cutting-edge brain engineering reveals dopamine physiology in the brain
Professor Lee Kwang of the Department of Brain Sciences at DGIST (Dr. Lee Geun-woo) and his team have discovered a new correlation between neural signals in the brain and dopamine signals in the striatum. The human brain requires high-speed neural signal processing in a short period of less than one second. Although dopamine is known to have the strongest effect on the brain's neural signals, the research team's newly developed “optical neural chip-based multiple brain signal monitoring technology” shows that changes in dopamine signals within the physiological range do not affect the brain's neural signal processing.
Dopamine is a chemical neuromodulator that plays an important role in learning, movement, motivation, and decision-making. It is associated with many diseases, including Parkinson's disease, addiction, and depression. To analyze the relationship between dopamine signaling and brain neural signal processing and related diseases, Professor Lee Kwan and his team at DGIST, in collaboration with Professor Masmanidis' team at UCLA, developed an “optical neural chip-based multiple brain signal monitoring technology.” This technology can simultaneously record electrical and chemical brain neural signals, and confirmed that dopamine signaling in the artificially manipulated striatum induced action potentials.[1] Neuronal changes. The findings were validated through machine learning.
The research team used optogenetics to simultaneously observe dopamine and neural activity in the ventral striatum while controlling the activity of dopamine neurons. First, when dopamine was not released during neural signal processing in the brain, no abnormalities were observed in neuronal activity, and when dopamine was released within the normal physiological range (e.g., during food intake), only slight or inconsistent changes in neuronal activity were observed. However, when dopamine was artificially released at more than five times the normal physiological range, a significant effect was observed on neural signal processing in the brain. This suggests that, contrary to current theories, other factors may be more important than dopamine signals in the brain for certain neural signal processing.
“This study demonstrates for the first time that dopamine signals from food reward play a minor role in rapidly shaping striatal neural activity. This suggests that on time scales of less than one second, striatal neural activity may be influenced not by dopamine but by other external neural inputs,” said Professor Lee Kwan from DGIST. “We will conduct follow-up studies to uncover the refined physiology of dopamine in relation to time, including its long-term contribution.”
The findings of the study were published online. Nature Neuroscience In July.
Note:
[1] Action potential: A depolarizing electrical activity in which the membrane potential of a single nerve cell rises rapidly and then falls. The smallest unit of brain neural activity. Neuroscientists use the term “spike.”
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Sources 2/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/08/240802132423.htm The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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